Aplastic Anaemia Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is aplastic anaemia?
characterised by pancytopenia with a hypocellular marrow and no abnormal cells suggestive of an alternative cause of the pancytopenia
What is the cause of aplastic anaemia?
Fanconi anaemia
Immune mediated
Viral infections like EBV and Hepatitis
Pregnancy
What medication can increase risk of aplastic anaemia?
Chloramphenicol
What causes red cell aplasia?
Parvovirus
Which cause of apslaitic anaemia occurs i those who have had bone marrow transplant?
Cytomegalovirus
What is the difference between megaloblastic anaemia and Macrocytic?
Megalbolastic anaemia is caused by DNA synthesis defect due to B12 or folate deficiency. Most commonly, pernicious anaemia from lack of intrinsic factor
What is a key blood film finding to distinguish megaloblastic form Macrocytic?
Megaloblastic will have oval cells
What is Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)?
A rare acquired haematological disorder characterised by the destruction of red blood cells due to the absence of certain proteins on their surface.
PNH is associated with a mutation in the PIGA gene.
What causes the destruction of red blood cells in PNH?
Absence of certain proteins on the surface of red blood cells due to a mutation in the PIGA gene.
This mutation leads to the loss of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors.
What is the classic triad of PNH?
Haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis, and pancytopenia.
These symptoms are key indicators in diagnosing PNH.
What are common clinical presentations of PNH?
Dark urine, fatigue, anaemia, elevated LDH, and low haptoglobin.
Dark urine indicates haemoglobinuria, a hallmark of PNH.
Fill in the blank: PNH is caused by a mutation in the _______ gene.
PIGA
True or False: The cause of PNH is well understood.
False
What is Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)?
A rare acquired haematological disorder characterised by the destruction of red blood cells due to the absence of certain proteins on their surface.
PNH is associated with a mutation in the PIGA gene.
What causes the destruction of red blood cells in PNH?
Absence of certain proteins on the surface of red blood cells due to a mutation in the PIGA gene.
This mutation leads to the loss of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors.
What is the classic triad of PNH?
Haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis, and pancytopenia.
These symptoms are key indicators in diagnosing PNH.
What are common clinical presentations of PNH?
Dark urine, fatigue, anaemia, elevated LDH, and low haptoglobin.
Dark urine indicates haemoglobinuria, a hallmark of PNH.
Fill in the blank: PNH is caused by a mutation in the _______ gene.
PIGA
True or False: The cause of PNH is well understood.
False
How to differentiate between aplastic anaemia and autoimmune?
AIHA will have raised LDH
Aplastic anaemia will have pancytopenia and normal LDH
Other than Macrocytic, which other type of anaemia is at risk in liver disease?
Iron deficiency
In chronic liver disease, the liver cannot store or utilise iron properly, leading to decreased iron stores and eventual iron deficiency. Additionally, alcohol can impair iron absorption and cause gastrointestinal bleeding, further contributing to iron deficiency
What interferes with iron supplement absorption?
Levothyroxine
-> To avoid this interaction, it is recommended to take iron at least four hours before or after levothyroxine.
