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Year 3 > Neuroblastoma > Flashcards

Neuroblastoma Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neuroblastoma?

A

A type of cancer in children, one of the top five causes of childhood malignancies

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2
Q

What percentage of childhood malignancies does neuroblastoma account for?

A

7-8%

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3
Q

From which tissue does neuroblastoma arise?

A

Neural crest tissue of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

What is the median age of onset for neuroblastoma?

A

Around 20 months

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5
Q

List some common features of neuroblastoma.

A
  • Abdominal mass
  • Pallor
  • Weight loss
  • Bone pain
  • Limp
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Paraplegia
  • Proptosis
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6
Q

What are the raised levels found in the urine of neuroblastoma patients?

A
  • Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
  • Homovanillic acid (HVA)
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7
Q

What imaging finding may be seen on an abdominal x-ray for neuroblastoma?

A

Calcification

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8
Q

What is a common method of diagnosis for neuroblastoma?

A

Biopsy

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9
Q

What is neuroblastoma?

A

A type of cancer in children, one of the top five causes of childhood malignancies

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9
Q

What is neuroblastoma?

A

A type of cancer in children, one of the top five causes of childhood malignancies

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10
Q

What percentage of childhood malignancies does neuroblastoma account for?

A

7-8%

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10
Q

What percentage of childhood malignancies does neuroblastoma account for?

A

7-8%

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11
Q

From which tissue does neuroblastoma arise?

A

Neural crest tissue of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

From which tissue does neuroblastoma arise?

A

Neural crest tissue of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

What is the median age of onset for neuroblastoma?

A

Around 20 months

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12
Q

What is the median age of onset for neuroblastoma?

A

Around 20 months

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13
Q

List some common features of neuroblastoma.

A
  • Abdominal mass
  • Pallor
  • Weight loss
  • Bone pain
  • Limp
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Paraplegia
  • Proptosis
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13
Q

List some common features of neuroblastoma.

A
  • Abdominal mass
  • Pallor
  • Weight loss
  • Bone pain
  • Limp
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Paraplegia
  • Proptosis
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14
Q

What are the raised levels found in the urine of neuroblastoma patients?

A
  • Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
  • Homovanillic acid (HVA)
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14
Q

What are the raised levels found in the urine of neuroblastoma patients?

A
  • Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
  • Homovanillic acid (HVA)
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15
Q

What imaging finding may be seen on an abdominal x-ray for neuroblastoma?

A

Calcification

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15
Q

What imaging finding may be seen on an abdominal x-ray for neuroblastoma?

A

Calcification

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16
Q

What is a common method of diagnosis for neuroblastoma?

A

Biopsy

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16
Q

What is a common method of diagnosis for neuroblastoma?

17
What is neuroblastoma?
A type of cancer in children, one of the top five causes of childhood malignancies
17
What is neuroblastoma?
A type of cancer in children, one of the top five causes of childhood malignancies
18
What percentage of childhood malignancies does neuroblastoma account for?
7-8%
18
What percentage of childhood malignancies does neuroblastoma account for?
7-8%
19
From which tissue does neuroblastoma arise?
Neural crest tissue of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system
19
From which tissue does neuroblastoma arise?
Neural crest tissue of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system
20
What is the median age of onset for neuroblastoma?
Around 20 months
20
What is the median age of onset for neuroblastoma?
Around 20 months
21
List some common features of neuroblastoma.
* Abdominal mass * Pallor * Weight loss * Bone pain * Limp * Hepatomegaly * Paraplegia * Proptosis
21
List some common features of neuroblastoma.
* Abdominal mass * Pallor * Weight loss * Bone pain * Limp * Hepatomegaly * Paraplegia * Proptosis
22
What are the raised levels found in the urine of neuroblastoma patients?
* Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) * Homovanillic acid (HVA)
22
What are the raised levels found in the urine of neuroblastoma patients?
* Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) * Homovanillic acid (HVA)
23
What imaging finding may be seen on an abdominal x-ray for neuroblastoma?
Calcification
23
What imaging finding may be seen on an abdominal x-ray for neuroblastoma?
Calcification
24
What is a common method of diagnosis for neuroblastoma?
Biopsy
24
What is a common method of diagnosis for neuroblastoma?
Biopsy
25
What is Liddle's syndrome?
A rare autosomal dominant condition that causes hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote Liddle's syndrome is characterized by disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules.
26
What causes Liddle's syndrome?
Disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules leading to increased reabsorption of sodium. ## Footnote This condition results in hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis.
27
What are the main symptoms of Liddle's syndrome?
Hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote These symptoms are a result of increased sodium reabsorption.
28
What is the inheritance pattern of Liddle's syndrome?
Autosomal dominant. ## Footnote This means only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.
29
What are the treatment options for Liddle's syndrome?
Amiloride or triamterene. ## Footnote Both medications are potassium-sparing diuretics that help manage the condition.
30
Fill in the blank: Liddle's syndrome is caused by _______ in the distal tubules.
disordered sodium channels. ## Footnote This leads to increased sodium reabsorption and associated symptoms.
31
What is Liddle's syndrome?
A rare autosomal dominant condition that causes hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote Liddle's syndrome is characterized by disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules.
32
What causes Liddle's syndrome?
Disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules leading to increased reabsorption of sodium. ## Footnote This condition results in hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis.
33
What are the main symptoms of Liddle's syndrome?
Hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote These symptoms are a result of increased sodium reabsorption.
34
What is the inheritance pattern of Liddle's syndrome?
Autosomal dominant. ## Footnote This means only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.
35
What are the treatment options for Liddle's syndrome?
Amiloride or triamterene. ## Footnote Both medications are potassium-sparing diuretics that help manage the condition.
36
Fill in the blank: Liddle's syndrome is caused by _______ in the distal tubules.
disordered sodium channels. ## Footnote This leads to increased sodium reabsorption and associated symptoms.
37
What is Liddle's syndrome?
A rare autosomal dominant condition that causes hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote Liddle's syndrome is characterized by disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules.
38
What causes Liddle's syndrome?
Disordered sodium channels in the distal tubules leading to increased reabsorption of sodium. ## Footnote This condition results in hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis.
39
What are the main symptoms of Liddle's syndrome?
Hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. ## Footnote These symptoms are a result of increased sodium reabsorption.
40
What is the inheritance pattern of Liddle's syndrome?
Autosomal dominant. ## Footnote This means only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.
41
What are the treatment options for Liddle's syndrome?
Amiloride or triamterene. ## Footnote Both medications are potassium-sparing diuretics that help manage the condition.
42
Fill in the blank: Liddle's syndrome is caused by _______ in the distal tubules.
disordered sodium channels. ## Footnote This leads to increased sodium reabsorption and associated symptoms.

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