Lower Urinary Tract Symtpoms Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is nephroblastoma also known as?
Wilm’s tumours
Nephroblastoma is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.
At what age is nephroblastoma usually present?
First 4 years of life
Nephroblastoma is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of 4.
What symptoms may nephroblastoma present with?
Mass associated with haematuria
Pyrexia may occur in about 50% of cases.
Where does nephroblastoma often metastasise early?
Lung
Early metastasis to the lungs is a significant concern in nephroblastoma.
What is the treatment for nephroblastoma?
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of the kidney is the standard treatment.
What is the prognosis for younger children (under 1 year of age) with nephroblastoma?
80% overall 5 year survival
Younger patients tend to have a better prognosis.
What is the most common type of lower urinary tract trauma?
Bulbar rupture
This type of injury is often due to straddle type incidents, such as accidents on bicycles.
What are the triad signs of bulbar rupture?
- Urinary retention
- Perineal haematoma
- Blood at the meatus
These signs help in the diagnosis of bulbar rupture.
What can membranous rupture be caused by?
Pelvic fracture
Membranous rupture can occur as a result of trauma from pelvic injuries.
What are common signs of membranous rupture?
- Penile oedema
- Perineal haematoma
These signs may indicate the presence of membranous rupture.
What happens to the prostate during a rectal examination in membranous rupture?
Prostate displaced upwards
Care should be taken to check for co-existing retroperitoneal haematomas.
What is the investigation method for lower urinary tract injury?
Ascending urethrogram
This imaging technique helps visualize the urethra and detect injuries.
What is the management technique for lower urinary tract trauma?
Suprapubic catheter
Surgical placement is required, not percutaneous.
What is nephroblastoma also known as?
Wilm’s tumours
Nephroblastoma is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.
At what age is nephroblastoma usually present?
First 4 years of life
Nephroblastoma is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of 4.
What symptoms may nephroblastoma present with?
Mass associated with haematuria
Pyrexia may occur in about 50% of cases.
Where does nephroblastoma often metastasise early?
Lung
Early metastasis to the lungs is a significant concern in nephroblastoma.
What is the treatment for nephroblastoma?
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of the kidney is the standard treatment.
What is the prognosis for younger children (under 1 year of age) with nephroblastoma?
80% overall 5 year survival
Younger patients tend to have a better prognosis.
What is the most common type of lower urinary tract trauma?
Bulbar rupture
This type of injury is often due to straddle type incidents, such as accidents on bicycles.
What are the triad signs of bulbar rupture?
- Urinary retention
- Perineal haematoma
- Blood at the meatus
These signs help in the diagnosis of bulbar rupture.
What can membranous rupture be caused by?
Pelvic fracture
Membranous rupture can occur as a result of trauma from pelvic injuries.
What are common signs of membranous rupture?
- Penile oedema
- Perineal haematoma
These signs may indicate the presence of membranous rupture.
What happens to the prostate during a rectal examination in membranous rupture?
Prostate displaced upwards
Care should be taken to check for co-existing retroperitoneal haematomas.
