Heart Valves Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the usual origins of biological (bioprosthetic) valves?
Bovine or porcine
Bioprosthetic valves are derived from animal tissues, primarily from cows (bovine) or pigs (porcine).
What is the major disadvantage of biological valves?
Structural deterioration and calcification over time
This deterioration can limit the lifespan of the valve and may necessitate replacement.
What age group typically receives bioprosthetic valves?
> 65 years for aortic valves and > 70 years for mitral valves
Older patients are more likely to be given bioprosthetic valves due to their lower activity levels and the associated risks with mechanical valves.
Is long-term anticoagulation usually needed for patients with bioprosthetic valves?
No
Most patients do not require long-term anticoagulation, although some may need it temporarily.
What anticoagulant may be given for the first 3 months after receiving a bioprosthetic valve?
Warfarin
The use of Warfarin depends on individual patient factors.
What is the long-term anticoagulant commonly prescribed to patients with mechanical heart valves?
Warfarin
Warfarin is preferred over Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) for mechanical heart valve patients.
What is the most common type of mechanical heart valve now implanted?
Bileaflet valve
Bileaflet valves are preferred due to their design and effectiveness.
What is the major disadvantage of mechanical heart valves?
Increased risk of thrombosis
This risk necessitates long-term anticoagulation to prevent blood clots.
What are the target INR levels for patients with aortic and mitral mechanical heart valves?
Aortic: 3.0, Mitral: 3.5
These target INR levels help manage the risk of thrombosis in patients with mechanical valves.
True or False: Aspirin is normally given to patients with mechanical heart valves regardless of other conditions.
False
Aspirin is only given if there is an additional indication, such as ischaemic heart disease.
What type of mechanical heart valves are rarely used nowadays?
Ball-and-cage valves
These valves have largely fallen out of favor due to advancements in valve design.
What are the usual origins of biological (bioprosthetic) valves?
Bovine or porcine
Bioprosthetic valves are derived from animal tissues, primarily from cows (bovine) or pigs (porcine).
What is the major disadvantage of biological valves?
Structural deterioration and calcification over time
This deterioration can limit the lifespan of the valve and may necessitate replacement.
What age group typically receives bioprosthetic valves?
> 65 years for aortic valves and > 70 years for mitral valves
Older patients are more likely to be given bioprosthetic valves due to their lower activity levels and the associated risks with mechanical valves.
Is long-term anticoagulation usually needed for patients with bioprosthetic valves?
No
Most patients do not require long-term anticoagulation, although some may need it temporarily.
What anticoagulant may be given for the first 3 months after receiving a bioprosthetic valve?
Warfarin
The use of Warfarin depends on individual patient factors.
What is the long-term anticoagulant commonly prescribed to patients with mechanical heart valves?
Warfarin
Warfarin is preferred over Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) for mechanical heart valve patients.
What is the most common type of mechanical heart valve now implanted?
Bileaflet valve
Bileaflet valves are preferred due to their design and effectiveness.
What is the major disadvantage of mechanical heart valves?
Increased risk of thrombosis
This risk necessitates long-term anticoagulation to prevent blood clots.
What are the target INR levels for patients with aortic and mitral mechanical heart valves?
Aortic: 3.0, Mitral: 3.5
These target INR levels help manage the risk of thrombosis in patients with mechanical valves.
True or False: Aspirin is normally given to patients with mechanical heart valves regardless of other conditions.
False
Aspirin is only given if there is an additional indication, such as ischaemic heart disease.
What type of mechanical heart valves are rarely used nowadays?
Ball-and-cage valves
These valves have largely fallen out of favor due to advancements in valve design.
What causes deeply inverted or biphasic T-waves in precordial leads V2-V3?
Wellness syndrome due to critical stenosis of the left nterior descending artery
