GI Infections Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the signs of C.difficile infection?
Signs of C. difficile infection include watery diarrhoea (which can be bloody), painful abdominal cramps, loss of appetite and weight loss, and confusion.
How do inflammatory markers change in C.diff?
Classically, the white cell count (WCC) rises with little change in C-reactive protein (CRP).
What is the gold standard imaging for C.diff infection?
CT abdomen is the gold standard for picking up C.diff infection.
Which drugs should be avoided in C.diff?
Antidiarrhoeal agents should be avoided in C.diff.
What is an indicator of severe C.diff?
Indicators of severe C.diff include a white cell count over 15, a rise in creatinine over 50% of baseline, and fever.
How does fulminant C.diff infection present?
Fulminant C.diff infection presents with systemic hypotension and shock.
What causes explosive watery diarrhoea from water sources?
Vibrio cholera from the O1 and O139 subgroups causes explosive watery diarrhoea. The pathogen is gram negative and comma shaped.
What is the gold standard for cholera diagnosis?
Stool culture is the gold standard for cholera diagnosis.
What is the treatment of cholera?
The treatment of cholera includes aggressive fluid replacement and doxycycline antibiotic to reduce diarrhoea for dehydrated patients.
What causes visual disturbance, dysphagia, and flaccid paralysis?
Clostridium botulinum from home-preserved foods causes visual disturbance, dysphagia, and flaccid paralysis.
When is raindrop skull present?
Raindrop skull is present in multiple myeloma.
When is pepper pot skull present?
Pepper pot skull is present due to lytic lesions from hyperparathyroidism.
What causes gangrene with crepitus?
Crepitus is caused by clostridium perfringens infection, leading to rhabdomyolysis and dishwater discharge.
What is the definitive treatment of wet gangrene?
The definitive treatment of wet gangrene is surgical debridement, especially for clostridium gas gangrene infection.
What is the most common cause of epidemiology-or hit is?
Chlamydia is the most common cause.
How to tell the difference between gas gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis?
Necrotizing fasciitis will not have subcutaneous gas, distinguishing it from gas gangrene.
What is the most common global cause of hepatitis?
Hepatitis B is the most common global cause of hepatitis.
What can determine disease severity in hepatitis A?
Older age can determine disease severity in hepatitis A.
Which hepatitis C genotypes are common in the UK?
Genotype 1 and 3 are common in the UK, with genotype 1 having a worse prognosis.
How is hepatitis C typically exchanged?
Hepatitis C is typically exchanged via blood.
How is hepatitis C treated?
Nucleoside analogues, such as Sofosbuvir, are generally preferred and often lead to undetectable viral loads.
How is hepatitis D managed?
Hepatitis D is managed with pegylated interferon alpha therapy.
What causes cyclical sweats and chills with splenomegaly and jaundice?
Malaria can cause cyclical sweats, chills, splenomegaly, and jaundice, and may lead to acute respiratory distress.
What is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis?
Thick and thin blood films are the gold standard for malaria diagnosis.
