Insulin Therapy Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the short acting human insulin?
- actrapid
- Humulin S
What is the short acting analogue insulin?
- humalog
- NovoRapid
- Apidra
What is the difference in action between analogue and human short acting insulin?
Short acting analogue insulin have a more rapid onset of action of 1-2 hours and lower risk of hypoglycaemia.
Short acting human insulin are soluble and have a slower onset and longer duration which puts the at risk of hypoglycaemia.
What is the rapid acting insulin?
Lisopro
Aspart
They are used right before a meall
What is the difference between rapid acting and short acting insulin?
Rapid acting is immediately before a meal.
Short acting is 30 minutes before meal
What is the long acting insulin?
human insulin
*detemir
*glargine
*degludec
levemir
What si the typical insulin regime for type 1 diabetic?
Basal of long acting insulin or intermediate: once or twice daily
Bolus of short acting: before each meal (usually 3 times/day)
May also include correction doses for high blood sugar
This is the most effective approach
What regime is typical for children?
Basal bolus
Alternativetively insulipump therapy can be used
What is the insuin pump therapy?
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion - CSII)
Uses rapid-acting insulin only (e.g., lispro, aspart, or glulisine)
Delivers: A continuous basal rate
Bolus doses given manually at meals
Offers more flexibility and tighter control, especially for children and active individuals
What is the hybrid closed loop therapy?
Combines a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with an insulin pump
Automatically adjusts basal insulin in response to blood sugar trends
Still requires manual bolus insulin at meals
When is insulin therapy reccomended in type 2 diabetics?
Start insulin if:
A1C ≥ 10% or
Fasting glucose > 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) or
Symptoms of hyperglycemia (e.g., weight loss, polyuria) or
A1C remains above target after maximal oral therapy
What is Yh preferred starting insulin therapy?
Preferred Starting Regimen: Basal insulin only
Easy to use
Targets fasting glucose
Can be added to oral meds (e.g., metformin, SGLT2, DPP-4 inhibitors)
How is insulin dose calculated in type 1 diabetes?
Using carb counting for mealtime insulin
For bolus, it is typically 0.4 to 1 units per kg
How is insulin dose calculated in type 2 diabetes?
Based on weight for 0.1-0.2kg/unit
What is the difference between impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance on testing?
Fasting glucose is 7.8-11 in impaired glucose toelrance
What is the location of insulin resistance in impaired gucose tolerance?
Muscles and occurs post meal
What is the location of insulin resistance in impaired fasting glucos?
Muscle and occurs in fasting state ony
Which of the two pre-diabetes have a greater risk of becoming diabetes?
Impaired glucose tolerance
