Flashcards in 9.12 Pharmacology Deck (21)
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1
Drugs must be eliminated from the body to: (2)
- terminate their effect
- prevent excessive accumulation of the drug
2
chemically altering the original compound so that the drug is no longer active
biotransformation
3
time frame for biotransformation
usually done within minutes or hours
4
What does biotransformation result in (product)?
metabolite
5
Metabolites are
inactive or greatly reduced form of a drug
6
Where are metabolites stored?
- fat
- bones
- muscles
- etc.
7
Can the active drug be excreted?
- yes, but generally, this process is too slow
- some compounds would stay in the body for several weeks
8
Primary location for drug metabolism
liver
9
In addition to the liver, where else does drug metabolism occur?
- lungs
- kidneys
- GI epithelium
- skin
10
lungs excrete:
aerosols, gas
11
Prolonged use of certain drugs “induces” the body to adjust and enzymatically destroy the drug more rapidly than expected. How might this happen?
- increasing the number of degrading enzymes
- destroying fewer enzymes
12
What may also cause enzyme induction?
- ETOH
- cigarette smoke
- herbal products
- environmental toxins
13
tolerance
need for increased drug dosages to maintain safe effect
14
Primary site for drug excretion
kidney
15
What are the mechanisms by which the kidney excretes drugs?
- tubular secretion
- glomerular filtration
16
Aside from the kidney, what are other sites of drug excretion?
- lungs (volatile drugs)
- GI tract
- sweat
- saliva
- breast milk
17
clearance
- organ and tissue ability to eliminate a drug
- can be systemic or specific to organ/tissue
18
Clearance includes excretion and elimination through _____
biotransformation
19
half-life
time required for 50% of the remaining drug to be eliminated from the body
20
Tylenol has a half-life of
2 hours (assuming normal fun)
21
