9.12 Pharmacology Flashcards Preview

8501 Clin Med > 9.12 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Flashcards in 9.12 Pharmacology Deck (21)
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1
Q

Drugs must be eliminated from the body to: (2)

A
  • terminate their effect

- prevent excessive accumulation of the drug

2
Q

chemically altering the original compound so that the drug is no longer active

A

biotransformation

3
Q

time frame for biotransformation

A

usually done within minutes or hours

4
Q

What does biotransformation result in (product)?

A

metabolite

5
Q

Metabolites are

A

inactive or greatly reduced form of a drug

6
Q

Where are metabolites stored?

A
  • fat
  • bones
  • muscles
  • etc.
7
Q

Can the active drug be excreted?

A
  • yes, but generally, this process is too slow

- some compounds would stay in the body for several weeks

8
Q

Primary location for drug metabolism

A

liver

9
Q

In addition to the liver, where else does drug metabolism occur?

A
  • lungs
  • kidneys
  • GI epithelium
  • skin
10
Q

lungs excrete:

A

aerosols, gas

11
Q

Prolonged use of certain drugs “induces” the body to adjust and enzymatically destroy the drug more rapidly than expected. How might this happen?

A
  • increasing the number of degrading enzymes

- destroying fewer enzymes

12
Q

What may also cause enzyme induction?

A
  • ETOH
  • cigarette smoke
  • herbal products
  • environmental toxins
13
Q

tolerance

A

need for increased drug dosages to maintain safe effect

14
Q

Primary site for drug excretion

A

kidney

15
Q

What are the mechanisms by which the kidney excretes drugs?

A
  • tubular secretion

- glomerular filtration

16
Q

Aside from the kidney, what are other sites of drug excretion?

A
  • lungs (volatile drugs)
  • GI tract
  • sweat
  • saliva
  • breast milk
17
Q

clearance

A
  • organ and tissue ability to eliminate a drug

- can be systemic or specific to organ/tissue

18
Q

Clearance includes excretion and elimination through _____

A

biotransformation

19
Q

half-life

A

time required for 50% of the remaining drug to be eliminated from the body

20
Q

Tylenol has a half-life of

A

2 hours (assuming normal fun)

21
Q

half-life is a function of both

A
  • clearance

- volume of distribution

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