Flashcards in Infectious Disease 5 Deck (29):
1
Specific types of bacterial diseases
- Clostridium dificile
- Staphylococcal infections
- Group A streptococci
- Group B streptococci
- Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)
- Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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prevalence of clostridium dificile
~200/100,000 people
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Why is clostridium dificile more prevalent in hospitals?
high rate of antibiotic use in hospitals
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transmission of c-diff
- fecal-oral
- contaminated environment
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c-diff and alcohol based hand sanitizers
not effective
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What increases the risk of a c-diff infection?
- age
- GERD tx
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GERD tx
- H2 receptor blocker
- proton pump inhibitors
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How does a c-diff infection happen in the body?
overgrowth of c-diff bacteria when other intestinal flora are destroyed
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tx for c-diff
- fecal transplants
- Flagyl
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Flagyl is effective against these types of bacteria
anaerobic
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Examples of staphylococcal infections
- S. aureus
- S. epidermis
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Staphylococcal infections are spread via
- direct contact
- multiple predisposing factors
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results of a staphylococcal infection
- infection
- suppuration
- abscess
- infective syndromes
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tx for MRSA, VISA
vancomycin
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tx for VRSA
- daptomycin
- linezolid
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Examples of group A streptococci
- GAS
- S. pyogenes
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group A streptococci spread by
- droplets
- direct contact
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Group A streptococci include multiple diseases such as:
necrotizing fasciitis
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Example of a group B streptococci
S. agalactiae
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leading causes of group B streptococci infections
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- sepsis
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Group B streptococci and women
- part of normal vaginal flora
- found in 30% of women
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tx of gas gangrene (aka clostridial myonecrosis)
- debridement and excision of necrotic tissue
- IV antibiotics
- possible HBO therapy
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Major opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common nosocomial infections
pseudomonas aeruginosa
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How is pseudomonas spread?
- contact
- not common in community-acquired infections
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Where are pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens found?
- moist areas (sinks)
- healthcare workers' hands
- fingernails
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Pseudomonas: common conditions where it's found
- pneumonia
- wounds
- UTI
- sepsis
- chronic lung disease
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local pseudomonas infection mgmt
fairly easy to manage
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Septicemia mgmt
high mortality rate
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