Flashcards in Study Guide 8 Deck (29)
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1
Predisposition to psychiatric disorders (short and long lived aspects)
- genetic/familial
- environmental
- psychosocial
- biological
- medical
- hormonal
2
Medical impact on predisposition to psychiatric disorders
Chronic illness
3
hormonal impact on predisposition to psychiatric disorders
SAD and PPD
4
SAD =
Seasonal affective disorder
5
PPD =
Postpartum depression
6
How does depression occur at the cellular level?
- decreased activity of postsynaptic receptor
- supersensitivity of the presynaptic autoreceptor
- decreased capacity for neurogenesis
- decreased activity of BDNF
7
What would cause decreased activity of the postsynaptic receptor?
- Decreased receptor presence
- decreased NT availability
8
With depression, what causes decreased capacity for neurogenesis?
High glucocorticoid levels = stress
9
BDNF =
Brain derived neurotropic factor
10
What is BDNF?
growth factor
11
BDNF activates neurogenesis here (especially)
Hippocampus (and other areas)
12
BDNF is a major player in:
- neurogenesis
- learning
- memory
13
How does BDNF influence creation of new neurons?
stimulates
- cell division
- migration of stem cells in the brain
14
BDNF is activated by
Exercise
15
What increases synthesis of BDNF?
Increased activity of neurotransmitters
16
What are the goals of using pharmacology to great depression/psychiatric disorders?
- inhibit breakdown of NT
- stimulate release of NT
- block reuptake of NT
17
What are the BIG THREE neurotransmitters implicated in psychiatric disorders?
- dopamine
- serotonin
- norepinephrine
18
How does tx with antidepressants change the brain?
- growth of dendritic spines
- increased number of receptors
- increased NT activity
19
Why are dendritic spines important for depression?
Hotspots for postsynaptic receptors
20
How are amines removed from the synapse and degraded?
- MAO breaks it down at the synapse or shortly after uptake
- renders dopamine inert
21
MAO favors this
Dopamine
22
How is bipolar similar to and different from depression?
Bipolar has all the things that go wrong with depression, but there's also an added GABA imbalance (or any other inhibitory NT)
23
Types of Bipolar disorder
Bipolar I
Bipolar II
24
Bipolar I
- deep depression
- very high mania
25
Bipolar II
- have depression
- mania is less severe than type I
26
What contributes to psychosis?
- hyperactivity of dopamine
- insufficiency of GABA at modulating glutaminergic activity in the limbic system
27
What is the most common type of psychosis?
Schizophrenia
28
How is schizophrenia different from depression and bipolar disorder (and other mood disorders)?
- does not cycle like depression/bipolar
- full recovery from schizophrenia is unlikely
29
