9.12 Pharmacology 2

Question 1

Easiest way to bring plasma concentrations to a specific level and maintain it there

Answer 1

via IV (can control it better this way)

Question 2

What causes greater plasma concentrations of a medication?

Answer 2

a larger dose

Question 3

What type of dosing results in fewer peaks and valleys?

Answer 3

• smaller

- more frequent

Question 4

Most serious problem with drug interactions

Answer 4

biotransformation -

delaying metabolism may allow drug to exert effect for prolonged period, resulting in toxic effect

Question 5

Aspirin (ASA) and methotrexate are both used to treat

Answer 5

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

How do ASA and methotrexate act?

Answer 6

• ASA displaces methotrexate on binding site of plasma proteins
• causes unbound methotrexate to circulate in the blood » increases toxicity

Question 7

Primary tx of RA

Answer 7

methotrexate

Question 8

How can drugs interact?

Answer 8

• can alter effects and metabolism
• can improve with greater cumulative effect than a single drug
• can cause toxicity

must monitor pt’s meds

Question 9

What factors cause variations in drug response and metabolism?

Answer 9

• genetics
• disease
• drug interactions
• age
• sex
• other

Question 10

How do genetics impact drug response and metabolism?

Answer 10

variations in genes that control protein synthesis

Question 11

How does disease impact drug response and metabolism?

Answer 11

structural or functional damage to organs and tissues

Question 12

How do drug interactions impact drug response and metabolism?

Answer 12

• additive effects
• cancel each other out
• toxicity

Question 13

How does age impact drug response and metabolism? (elderly)

Answer 13

• elderly don’t metabolize drugs as quickly

- age-related changes in organs affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Question 14

How does age impact drug response and metabolism? (pediatrics)

Answer 14

may have problems due to

• immature liver and kidney function
• differences in membrane function
• regional blood flow
• regional body comp

Question 15

How does sex impact drug response and metabolism?

Answer 15

• men and women absorb, distribute, and metabolize drugs differently
• hormonal differences
• GI function and enzyme activity may differ

Question 16

What are some of the other factors that account for variations in drug response and metabolism?

Answer 16

• environmental
• occupational hazards
• cigarette smok
• ETOH
• burns
• SCI level of injury
• impaired drug clearance