Pharm 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the categories of sedative-hypnotic drugs?
- benzodiazepines
- non-benzodiazepines
How do benzodiazepines help pts relax?
by boosting GABA
Two big issues with benzos
- potentially addicting
- residual effects the next day
benzodiazepines and addiction
tolerance builds to dependence
What residual effects are often seen with benzodiazepines the next day?
- drowsiness
- decreased motor performance
Name 2 examples of benzos
- Trizolam (Halcion)
- Temazepam (Restoril)
Barbiturates are (categories)
- sedative-hypnotic drugs
- non-benzodiazepines
What is the sedative-hypnotic component of barbiturates?
barbituric acid
barbiturates: MOA
- unclear
- can produce general anesthesia and neuronal excitability in brain and SC
Why are barbiturates potentially very dangerous?
- very small TI
- just 10x therapeutic dose can be fatal
- very addicting
Name 3 examples of barbiturates
- Phenobarbital (Luminal)
- Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
- Secobarbital (Seconal)
How are sedative-hyponotics (non-benzos) and benzos similar/different (binding)?
- both bind to GABA
- chemically different from benzos
Why might sedative-hypnotics (non-benzos)
- less risk
- shorter duration
- less “hangover” next day
What are sedative-hypnotic drugs often prescribed as?
sleep aids
What are 3 examples of non-benzodiazepines commonly prescribed for sleep?
- Ambien
- Sonata
- Lunesta
Which non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug is similar to melatonin?
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Why might Rozerem be chosen over melatonin for sleep?
- structure and function are similar to melatonin
- less risk
- better for long term insomnia
Which non-benzo is often associated with sleep-walking/driving
Ambien
In the category of “other” non-benzodiazepines, how do they promote relaxation and sleep?
via CNS depression
examples of some of the “other” non-benzodiazepines
- ETOH
- antihistamines (OTC “sleep aids”)
What other types of drugs can be used in limited situations to promote sleep?
- antidepressants
- anticonvulsants
- opioid analgesics
What are some adverse effects of sedative-hypnotics?
- anterograde amnesia
- sedative “hangover” in cognitive and motor function
- tolerance and physical dependence
- sleep-walking/driving
