Flashcards in Screening 3 Deck (30)
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1
What types of anemia did we discuss?
- blood loss anemia
- aplastic anemia
- megaloblastic anemia
- pernicious anemia
- anemia of inflammation
- sickle cell anemia
2
Blood loss anemia due to
Hemorrhage
3
How long does it take the body to replace the fluid portion of plasma?
1-3 days
4
What problem arises when the body replaces the fluid portion of plasma early on?
Leaves low concentration of RBCs
5
How long does it normally take for RBC concentration to return to normal?
3-6 weeks (if no additional bleeding)
6
Aplastic anemia occurs due to:
Bone marrow aplasia
7
What is bone marrow aplasia?
Lack of functioning bone marrow
8
What are the causes of aplastic anemia?
- gamma ray radiation
- chemotherapy
- excessive x-ray tx
- certain industrial chemicals
- drug sensitivities
9
What does the bone marrow produce with megaloblastic anemia?
Megaloblasts
10
What are megaloblasts?
RBCs that are:
- unusually large
- structurally abnormal
- immature (fragile membranes)
11
Megaloblastic anemia is related to these deficiencies
- B12
- folate
- nutritional deficiencies
12
B12, folate, and proper nutrition are important in the production of:
- hemoglobin
- erythrocytes
13
What is the problem with misshapen cells from megaloblastic anemia?
Rupture easily
14
Pernicious anemia is caused by a loss of
Intrinsic factor (IF)
15
Intrinsic factor (IF) if produced by these cells
Gastric cells
16
What is IF required for?
B12 absorption in small intestine
17
With pernicious anemia, lack of IF production is caused by:
antibody formation against gastric cells
18
Pernicious anemia: What does antibody formation against gastric cells result in?
- atrophy
- loss of IF production
19
With pernicious anemia, when does a decrease in RBCs occur?
When the intestines can't properly absorb B12
20
Pernicious anemia results in these types of sx
CNS
21
CNS sx seen in pernicious anemia
- HA
- drowsiness
- dizziness
- slow mental processes
- polyneuropathies
22
Anemia of inflammation aka
Anemia of chronic disease
23
Anemia of inflammation (chronic disease) is characterized by these 3 things
- modest reduction in hemoglobin (7-12 g/dL)
- presence of inflammation
- decreased responsiveness to bone marrow to erythropoietin
24
How does chronic illness cause anemia?
- chronic illness signals the immune system to release a steady supply of inflammatory proteins
- interferes with production of RBCs
25
Anemia of inflammation (chronic disease) is common in this setting
Therapy
26
Remember these for prescribing exercise programs for anemia pts
- review with attending physician
- think about pacing and training that evenly distributes workload over time
- progress slowly and monitor vitals
- know underlying cause
27
For a sedentary person, decreased activity can mask _______. Be sure to observe carefully and note mental status changes.
Exercise intolerance
28
It is important for the PT to know the underlying cause of anemia. It would be helpful to do these
- ID red flag sx
- ID direct course of action
29
Which two types of anemia are bone marrow related?
- aplastic
- megaloblastic
30
