Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cardiovascular Anatomy Deck (32)
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1
Q

What is the base of the heart?

A

where the right ventricle meets the pulmonary artery

-at the R and L 2nd interspaces

2
Q

what is the apex of the heart?

A

the tapered tip of the left ventricle

posterior to the RV

3
Q

what is the apical impulse?

A

also called PMI (point of maximal impulse)

found at 5th interspace lateral to the midsternal line

4
Q

where is the inferior border of the heart?

A

below the junction of the sternum and the xiphoid process

5
Q

what is the PMI over the left ventricle?

A

it is more muscular and produces more pressure

6
Q

what is the posterior border of the heart?

A

the border of the left atrium

7
Q

systole

A

ventricular contraction

8
Q

diastole

A

ventricular relaxation

9
Q

atrial systole

A

atrial contraction

10
Q

atrial diastole

A

atrial relaxaion

11
Q

what is S1?

A

mitral and tricuspid valve closing

-you mostly hear mitral

12
Q

should valve make a noise when it opens?

A

no!

13
Q

what is S2?

A

aortic and pulmonic valve closing

-you mostly hear the aortic valve

14
Q

what happens during systole?

A
ventricles start to contract
AV valves close = S1
semilunar valves open (can't hear)
atrial relaxation and filling
ventricular pressure falls (blood is leaving)
semilunar valves close = S2
15
Q

what happens during diastole?

A
semilunar valves close = S2
AV valves open
ventricular relaxation and filling
atrial contraction
AV valves close = S1
16
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 minute

CO = HR x SV

17
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

-tested by the echocardiogram (gives a percentage of blood that comes out with each beat)

18
Q

what is the average CO?

A

60-80 mL

19
Q

what happens when CO falls?

A

body is not getting appropriately oxygenated

20
Q

preload

A

load that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction

-the volume of blood in the R/L ventricle at the end of diastole (how much blood is in this space before it contracts)

21
Q

afterload

A

vascular resistance against which the ventricle must contract
-resistance to which preload has to go against

22
Q

what causes increased afterload?

A

HTN (vasoconstriction), atherosclerosis, aortic stenosis

-heart has to work harder to pump against small pipes

23
Q

myocardial contractility

A

ability of the cardiac muscle when given a load to shorten

24
Q

when does myocardial contractility increase?

A

sympathetic stimulation

25
Q

when does myocardial contractility decrease?

A

decreased oxygen delivery to myocardium

26
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

“pacemaker” sets up how fast the heart is going to beat

60-100 pulses per minute

27
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

delayed briefly

40-60 pulses per minute

28
Q

Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

A

interventricular bundle
20-40 bpm
(has a R and L branch)

29
Q

what is the P wave

A

atrial depolarization (atrial contraction)

30
Q

what is the QRS wave?

A

ventricular depolarization (ventrical contraction)

31
Q

what is the T wave?

A

ventricular repolarization (ventricular relaxation)

32
Q

what is the most important thing when you are dealing with CV complaint?

A

history

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