Flashcards in Lipoproteins and Cardiac Enzymes Deck (49)
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1
where is cholesterol metabolized?
liver
2
what transports cholesterol in the blood?
lipoproteins
3
why can cholesterol be a problem?
associated with atherosclerotic disease
4
what is the main function of cholesterol?
production of steroids, sex hormones, bile acids and cell membrane
5
what can also cause low levels of cholesterol?
liver disease and malnutrition
6
what coronary predictor is used to identify CAD risk from cholesterol?
Framingham study
7
what are the 5 major lipoproteins? present on the standard lipid panal
chylomicrons
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
8
what do chylomicrons do?
carry fat from the GI tract to liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
-they are very large particles
9
what do VLDLs do?
carries endogenous (self-made) triglycerides from liver to adipose tissue
carries cholesterol
(when it is high it means that there is a lot of endogenous cholesterol)
10
what do IDLs do?
carries cholesterol esters and triglycerides
-usually not detectable
11
what do LDLs do?
carries cholesterol esters from liver to cells of the body
12
what do HDLs do?
collects cholesterol from tissues and vacular endothelium and returns it to the liver
-has a protective effect against heart disease
13
what is reverse transport?
when HDL takes cholesterol in the vasculature and returns it to the liver
14
how can we increase HDL?
excersize
15
what do triglycerides do?
acts as a storage source for energy, when they are high they are deposited in fatty tissues
16
how are triglycerides transported?
VLDL and LDL
17
what purposed does the lipid profile serve?
assess CAD risk
assess vascular dz risk
18
what is on a lipid profile?
total cholesterol
triglycerides
HDL
LDL
VLDL
HDL/LDL ratio
19
what are the normal adult TCC values?
<200mg/dl
20
what is the critical value of TG?
>400mg/dl
21
what are the normal HDL values?
m >45mg/dl
f >55mg/dl
22
what are the normal LDL values?
adult <110mg/dl
23
what TG value would cause an inaccurate LDL?
>400mg/dl
24
what is the normal range of VLDL?
7-32mg
25
how do you calculate LDL?
TCC-(TG/5-HDL)
26
what instructions are important for lipoprotein study?
12-14 hr fast
low fat meal prior to fast
27
what can interfere with cholesterol levels?
pregnancy increases levels
recumbent positions decrease levels
postmenopausal states cause increased levels
28
what can impact HDL levels?
age/sex
post MI decreases
smoking decreases
liver dz and malnutrition decreases
hyperthyroid decreases
hypothyroid increase
binge eating
29
main drugs that alter lipoprotien
beta blockers
alpha blockers
dilantin
steroids
estrogens
30
