Flashcards in Urine Studies Deck (59)
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1
urinalysis can be used to diagnose
renal or urinary tract disease
monitor renal or urinary tract disease
detect metabolic or systemic disease (DM)
2
cystocentesis
remove fluid from the bladder using a suprapubic catheter
3
first morning specimen
pt. gets specimen first thing in the morning
must use a preservative
4
random urine specimen
obtained during the day w/o pt prior notice
-drug testing
-most common
5
timed urine collection
pt collects all urine over a period of 24 hours
-does not include the first morning void (would include urine produced during the night)
-proteinuria
6
urine for culture and sensitivity
examines bacteria, sterile, midstream collection, cultured w/in one hour of collection (doesn't usually happen)
-avoids contamination and cell lysis
7
cloudy urine indicates
presence of WBC, RBC, bacteria
8
pale yellow to amber urine indicates
urochrome (a pigment which is a product of bilirubin metabolism)
9
red urine indicates
pt is bleeding, dark red (from the kidneys)
bright red (from bladder)
10
dark yellow urine indicates
bilirubin
11
specific gravity
measures kidney's ability to conc the urine
-weight is compared to weight of distilled water
-value is affected by amt of solutes, volume, hydration
12
low specific gravity indicates
diabetes insipidus
chronic renal diseases (diminished conc ability)
13
renal threshold
180mg/dl
point at which kidneys start allowing sugar through
14
anti-diuretic hormone
in posterior pituitary, keeps your body from diuresing (urinating)
15
high specific gravity indicates
DM
excessive water loss (dehydration)
increased secrection of ADH (urine is concentrated)
lots of solute in the urine
16
urine osmolality
number of particles in a unit of solution-correlates w/specific gravity but not the same thing
normal is 50-1200 mOsm/kg
17
pH
normal is 4.6-8.0 (avg is 6.0)
18
low pH (acidic)
acidosis, diet high in cranberries
19
high pH (basic)
some bacteria, UTI
20
protein
no protein should be in the urine
measured negative (-) to 4+
qualitative check
21
proteinuria indicates
glomerular injury (allows proteins, albumin, to seep into filtrate)
if pos for protein, should f/u with 24 hr specimen
22
proteinuria indicates also
preeclampsia-HTN, edema, proteinuria
eclampsia
diabetes -decreased renal flow
glomerulonephritis
23
blood
measured negative (-) to 4+
24
hematuria
bleeding w/i the urinary tract may be gross or microscopic
25
positive microscopy needs to have
3-5 RBC per high power field
26
hematuria indicates
cystitis (most common cause of hematuria)
glomerulonephritis
cancer
27
false positive on a heme test could be caused by
beets
28
microscopy
looking at urine under the microscope
29
glucose
normally negative
positive is 100-2000 mg/dl
30
