Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine > Acid-Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

PCO2

A

partial plasma for CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what values are found in an ABG?

A

pH, HCO3, PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when do you do the Allen test?

A

prior to drawing blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why do we order an ABG?

A

assess respiratory (ventilation) and metabolic (renal) and electrolyte homeostasis

  • manage ventilator
  • pre-op assessment
  • acute/critical illness assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why do we use radial instead of femoral artery?

A

it is a cleaner site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the allen test accomplish?

A

identifies if the ulnar artery will compensate for the radial artery if you block it while taking the sample
-ensures patency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what kind of test tube will you use to get a blood gas?

A

green top (heparin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how quickly should your blood gas sample get to the lab?

A

ASAP or place on ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

one or two sticks?

A

you may use lidocaine to numb the area prior to drawing blood from the RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

positive Allen test means

A

ulnar artery is not patent and you cannot use that hand (7-10 seconds return)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contraindications for RA

A 
no palpable pulse
cellulitis or open infection
AV fistula
severe coagulopathy
positive Allen test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the potential complications of drawing a blood gas?

A

arterial occlusion

penetration of other important structures nearby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the normal pH of arterial blood?

A

7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the normal pH of venous blood and interstitial fluid

A

7.35 (has extra CO2 released from nearby tissues that makes it more acidic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the normal pH of intracellular fluid

A

estimated to be between 6.0-7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is considered acidosis?

A

<7.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is considered alkalosis?

A

> 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the lower and upper limits of pH that support life?

A

6.8<8.0 (more than a few hours at the high and low end will end life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is Hydrogen found most?

A

intracellular (which makes cells more acidic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the alkaline substance in the body?

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the acidic substance in the body?

A

H+ and CO2 (H2CO3)

22
Q

how does the body hold onto CO2?

A

breathing slower (found in alkaline patients)

23
Q

where is bicarb manufactured?

A

kidney (slower than the lungs when it comes to compensation)

24
Q

which organ responds first when pH becomes out of balance?

25
which organ controls retention and secretion of H+
kidney
26
what are the normal values for bicarb?
22-26 mEq/L
27
what is the alkalotic value of bicarb?
>26 | -metabolic alkalosis
28
what is the acidic value of bicarb?
<22 | -metabolic acidosis
29
what are the normal values of PCO2?
35-45 mm/Hg
30
what is the alkalotic value of PCO2
<35 | -respiratory alkalosis
31
what is the acidodic value of PCO2
>45 | -respiratory acidosis
32
metabolic acidosis
acidosis caused by a primary decrease in bicarb | -diarrhea (loss of HCO3 in feces)
33
metabolic alkalosis
caused by a primary increase in bicarb concentration | -drug overconsumption of HCO3 (overcorrecting in renal disease)
34
respiratory acidosis
caused by an increase in PCO2 from a respiratory disturbance | -hypoventilation (drug use)
35
respiratory alkalosis
caused by a decrease in PCOz from a respiratory disturbance | -hyperventilation (anxiety)
36
what is the time frame of the renal compensatory response?
several hours to 3-5 days
37
what is the time frame of the respiratory compensatory response?
minutes to max in several hours
38
SOB can also be called
hyperventilation (compensatory response of acidosis)
39
how much will ventilation increase in acidosis?
4-5 times normal
40
how much will ventilation slow down in alkalosis?
will slow but not as significantly
41
COPD who are former smokers are in a chronic state of
respiratory acidosis
42
what is metabolic compensation in acidosis?
reabsorb all filtered HCO3 produce new HCO3 which is added back into the extracellular fluid secrete H+ -net effect is lowered extracellular H+
43
what is metabolic compensation in alkalosis
increase secretion of HCO3 | ***most of the compensation is respiratory***
44
what is a chem 7
BMP
45
what CO2 does the BMP come with?
not the same as a ABG
46
what is the formula to calculate anion gap?
Na - Cl+HCO3 (from blood gas)
47
what does elevated anion gap indicate?
metabolic acidosis
48
what is the Delta gap?
excess anion gap | AG-12 +HCO3
49
what does <23 delta gap indicate?
metabolic acidosis
50
what does >30 delta gap indicate?
metabolic alkalosis

Medicine (146 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions