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Medicine > Gait Analysis > Flashcards

Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what is force measurement?

A

kinetic measurement

studies forces acting on the body (internal and external)

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2
Q

what are EMG studies used for?

A

study electrical activity during muscle contraction

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3
Q

what are limitations of EMGs?

A

problems with cross-over or cross-talk which makes it difficult to determine which muscle is contracting

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4
Q

what is intramuscular pressure?

A

determines pressure within the muscle

accounts for both active and passive muscle tension

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5
Q

what does the clinician need to know about gait problems?

A
  1. is it structural?
  2. is it joint or soft tissue related?
  3. is it myopathic (muscular dystrophy)
  4. is it neurologic? (progressive or non)
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6
Q

what is a gait cycle?

A

activity that occurs between the heel strike of one leg all the way to the heel strike of the same leg

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7
Q

what is the stride length?

A

distance of the step in one gait cycle

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8
Q

what is the stance phase?

A

60% of the time during the gait

when the foot is in contact with the ground

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9
Q

what is the swing phase?

A

40% of the time during the gait

feet are swinging

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10
Q

what is the rest of the 20%?

A

when both feet are in contact with the ground

double support

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11
Q

what is a step?

A

heel strike of left foot to heel strike of right foot

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12
Q

what is a stride?

A

heel strike of right foot to heel strike of right foot

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13
Q

what are 5 components of stance phase analysis?

A
  1. heel strike
  2. foot flat
  3. midstance
  4. heel-off
  5. toe-off
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14
Q

what can cause a wider horizontal displacement?

A

balance problems to keep themselves from falling

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15
Q

what is a trendelenburg gate?

A

pelvic drop on one or both side
caused by gluteus medius weakness
ruptured disc?
side that drops is on the opposite side of weakness

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16
Q

what are the 5 main reasons for abnormal gait?

A 
muscular weakness
joint/muscle ROM limitations
neurological problem
pain
leg length discrepancy
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17
Q

what is a sign of leg length discrepancy?

A

circumduction on the long side

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18
Q

how does gluteus maximus weakness manifest?

A

rocking horse gait

hand on affected hip to push the hip forward so they don’t fall

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19
Q

how does quads weakness manifest?

A

either pushing knee to lock or cocking knee to lock

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20
Q

how does hamstring weakness manifest?

A

genu recurvatum gait

hyperextension of the knee with each step

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21
Q

how does dorsiflexion weakness manifest?

A

foot slap gait

high steppage gait

22
Q

how does triceps surae weakness manifest?

A

sore foot limp
shortened step length on the unaffected side
more pronounced when going up an ingline

23
Q

what is a waddling gait?

A

seen in muscular dystrophy
a/w lumbar lordosis and a steppage gait
to swing the leg forward, the entire side of the body must swing forward

24
Q

what is a hemiplegic gait?

A

lands flat-footed and no arm swing on affected side

25
Q

what is ataxic gait?

A

balance disruption
usu. cerebellar involvement
uncoordinated/jerky

26
Q

what is the festinating gait of parkinsonism?

A

difficulty initiating, as it gets started, goes faster and faster

27
Q

what is a crouch gait?

A

bilateral lower extermity involvement
excessive lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, hip and knee flexion
exaggerated arm swing

28
Q

what is an antalgic gait?

A

spend less time on the painful foot

shortened step length on uninvolved side

29
Q

what is the gait compensation for a leg length discrepancy of up to 3”?

A

dropping pelvis on affected side (stresses low back)

30
Q

what is the gait compensation for a leg length discrepancy of up to 3-5”?

A

equinnus gait, walks on ball of foot on shorter side

31
Q

what is the gait compensation for a leg length discrepancy of up to 5”?

A

drop pelvis, equinnus gait AND flex uninvolved knee

32
Q

what is a 4 point gait pattern?

A

at any time there are 4 points of contact on the ground

33
Q

what is a 3-1 point gait pattern?

A

crutch stays with the affect leg and both crutches are used, which makes it partial weight bearing

34
Q

what is a 3 point gait pattern?

A

non-weight bearing, two crutches swing through,

35
Q

what is 2 point gait pattern?

A

using crutches as support, but walking normally. crutches used to balance and take some of the weight off

36
Q

what is TTWB?

A

toe-touch weight bearing (can only do with crutches or walker)

37
Q

what is WBAT?

A

weight bearing as tolerated

38
Q

what is PWB?

A

partial weight bearing (25, 50, 75%)

39
Q

what is FWB?

A

full weight bearing

40
Q

why use a tilt table?

A

good for gradually accomodating to elevation for pts who have been lying supine for a long time
-must monitor for vital signs

41
Q

when would you use parallel bars?

A

maximum support needed

42
Q

how do you measure for crutches?

A

3 fingers below axilla

43
Q

what position should the crutches be in?

A

tripod position

44
Q

what should you advice patients about using crutches?

A

don’t lean down on them

45
Q

what is a platform attachment?

A

used when they have had a hand or arm injury (flexed elbow), a platform is used to fasten crutch to their arm in a way that allows them to use it

46
Q

when would you use a cane?

A

pt who needs a little bit of balance help

should be fit to the base of the thumb

47
Q

what should you remember about transferring?

A

always transfer toward the strong side

48
Q

what is important to ask the pt when transferring?

A

what help do they need?

49
Q

where should you stand on steps to support patients?

A

on the low side

50
Q

if you are good you go up…

A

if you are bad, you go down

Medicine (146 decks)

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