White blood cells

Question 1

what is diapedises?

Answer 1

WBC moving from circulation to tissue

Question 2

what binds together during diapedesis?

Answer 2

selectins with integrins

Question 3

what is the range of leukocytosis?

Answer 3

> 11,000 wbc

Question 4

what is neutropenia?

Answer 4

low level of neutrophils, bad dog

Question 5

what is defensin?

Answer 5

antibiotic like protein that is made by neutrophils

Question 6

what is in the granules of eosinophils?

Answer 6

enzymes that match their function

-cannot digest bacteria

Question 7

what is in the granules of the basophil?

Answer 7

histamine (allergies) and heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 8

what WBC causes allergic symptoms?

Answer 8

basophil

-eosinophil tries to help control the reaction

Question 9

what does mast cell do?

Answer 9

contains histamine and heparin
play a role in allergic phenomenon along with IgE
also produces tumor necrosis factor

Question 10

what are the phases of the platelet cascade?

Answer 10

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 11

what organ makes thrombopoeitin?

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

what is the life span of platelet?

Answer 12

5-10 dys

Question 13

what is normal platelet count?

Answer 13

150,000-400,000

Question 14

what is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 14

autoimmune

Question 15

what is a symptom of TTP?

Answer 15

petechiae and purpura

Question 16

what is the lower threshold of platelets?

Answer 16

below 20,000

Question 17

low platelets can also be linked to what?

Answer 17

malignancy

Question 18

what is the role of thromboxane A2?

Answer 18

calls on more platelets to come to the injury

Question 19

what is the role of PGI2? (prostacyclin)

Answer 19

controls the area around the hole so that platelets are locally aggregated

Question 20

what hormone does platelet contain?

Answer 20

encourages healing of wound area

Question 21

what two things cause platelets to become sticky?

Answer 21

ADP and thromboxane A2

Question 22

which two things cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 22

serotonin and thromboxane A2

Question 23

what happens to platelets when it becomes activated?

Answer 23

open their binding site for fibrinogen

Question 24

what is NO’s role in clotting?

Answer 24

inhibits platelet plug expansion around site of trauma

Question 25

what is the mechanism of aspirin?

Answer 25

inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme that generates protaglandins and thromboxanes
-low dose causes stead state decrease in platelet COX activity

Question 26

how long is aspirin’s affect?

Answer 26

life of the platelet (5-10 days)

Question 27

what is Plavix used for?

Answer 27

reduce platelet aggregation

Question 28

which ion is important for the coag cascade?

Answer 28

Ca2+

Question 29

which clotting factors need vitamin K?

Answer 29

factors 2, 7, 9, 10

Question 30

what produces vitamin k?

Answer 30

bacteria in the GI tract

Question 31

who would have low levels of vitamin K?

Answer 31

ppl who have lipid malabsorption

Question 32

what is plasmin?

Answer 32

enzyme that breaks down clot

Question 33

what is one tissue plasminogen activator?

Answer 33

tpa used in suspected stroke

Question 34

what systems limit the spread of the clot?

Answer 34

TF pathway inhibitor
pathway triggered by thrombin
antithrombin III

Question 35

how does heparin work?

Answer 35

antithrombin III

Question 36

how does TFPI work?

Answer 36

binds to factor VII to limit to damaged area