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Medicine > Nose and Throat Exam > Flashcards

Nose and Throat Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What should you note about nasal discharge?

A 
color
consistency
odor
amount
timing
bilateral/unilateral?
CABCOT
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2
Q

Normal nasal discharge is

A

clear/colorless
thin (not viscous)
no odor
some discharge (none is not normal)

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3
Q

Bacterial infection may have what type of discharge?

A

green/yellow

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4
Q

classic presentation of a nasal foreign body is

A

unilateral, malodorous, nasal discharge

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5
Q

patency

A

how well you breathe through your nose

congestion, timing, uni/bilateral

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6
Q

associated symptoms that are typical with nasal complaints

A

dental pain
burning
headache
fever

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7
Q

things to observe when beginning nasal exam

A

swelling
deformity (bony abnormality)
erythema

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8
Q

things to palpate during nasal exam

A

tenderness (at joint of nasal bone and cartilage)
crepitus (cracking sound or sensation-two bones rubbing together)
warmth
any skin lesions?

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9
Q

things to observe when looking into the nasal canal

A 
discharge
septum (midline? deviated? blood vessels visible?)
inferior turbinate (blob of pink tissue)
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10
Q

viscous discharge is called

A

crusting

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11
Q

kesovexplexus

A

most common spot of nose bleeds (area in the anterior nasal canal that is highly vasculated)

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12
Q

turbinate

A

filtering units in the bone

covered with rich vasculated mucosa

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13
Q

what does the maxillary sinusitis make the inferior turbinate look like?

A

coated in purulous fluid

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14
Q

what are you noting when palpating the maxillary and frontal sinuses?

A

tenderness
bony abnormalities
hard when touched (could indicated cancer)

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15
Q

transillumination can be used to diagnosis

A

fluid in the sinuses (should be able to see light on hard palate if sinuses are free of fluid-place the light on the cheek)

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16
Q

nasal polyps

A

translucent, pearly mass in the nose
sign of chronic irritation (drugs, smoking, allergies)
may originate in the nose or in the sinuses
pt presents with persistent nasal congestion

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17
Q

deviated septum

A

can be caused by trauma
>70% occlusion would indicate surgery
may cause hypertrophy of the turbinate on the “free” side
CC may be sleep apnea/snoring

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18
Q

nasal vestibulitis

A

usually bacterial staph (MRSA) infection
red bulbous tip of their nose
red just inside the nose (vestibule)

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19
Q

nasal foreign bodies may be combined with

A

impetigo (from scratching and breaking the skin)

-strep and staph infection

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20
Q

best way to deal with nasal foreign bodies

A

try to blow it out

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21
Q

new links are being made between oral health and

A

CV disease

22
Q

what to note w/lip inspection

A 
color and moisture
lumps
ulcers
cracking
scaliness
23
Q

leukoplakia

A

precursor to cancer from ill-fitting dentures

24
Q

what to note w/oral mucosa inspection

A

color
ulcers
white patches/red patches
nodules

25
Q

what to note w/ gum inspection

A

color
caries
ulcers

26
Q

when patient phonates, the uvula should

A

elevate

27
Q

what does having the pt swallow test for?

A

nerve test

28
Q

floor of mouth holds

A

wartons duct

mandibular salivary gland

29
Q

asymmetry of tongue indicates

A

cranial nerve problem

30
Q

steps of the mouth exam

A
  1. evert the lip (you can or have pt do it)
  2. using pen light to visualize
  3. use two tongue blades
  4. palpate (careful with old people-dementia and little people)
31
Q

areas to palpate of the tongue

A
  1. tongue
  2. floor of mouth
  3. buccal mucosa
  4. roof of mouth
    (use two fingers)
32
Q

acute exudative tonsillitis

A

cryptic tonsils (surface has divites)
infection of the tonsils
erythema
common in mononucleosis

33
Q

apthous stomatitis

A

cold sore on the inside of the mouth

organism is herpes virus

34
Q

dental abscess

A

infection of the teeth (cavities gone wild)

35
Q

herpes labialis

A

cold sores on the outside of mouth (around lips)

painful, pt may become dehydrated (painful to drink)

36
Q

peritonsillar abscess

A

tonsil itself is not abscessed, it is the peritonsillar space behind the tonsil that pushes the tonsil toward the midline
CC: severe aphagia, dysphagia, look sick, high fever

37
Q

Rendu-Osler-Weber

A

familial telangectasias
present all over lips, tongue, nose
-most common on oral mucosa but can present anywhere on the body

38
Q

preauricular lymph node palpation

A

in front of the ear, usually reacts to infections of eye and scalp

39
Q

posterior auricular lymph node palpation

A

superficial to the mastoid process, usually reacts to infections of scalp and ear

40
Q

parotid nodes

A

palpable could indicate mumps, reacts to abnormality in parotid glands

41
Q

pharyngeal nodes

A

responds to whats going on in the throat (tonsillitis, pharyngitis)

42
Q

submandibular nodes and submental

A

along angle of the jaw/ at point of chin

respond to whats going in lower teeth of lower jaw

43
Q

occipital nodes

A

reacts to what goes on in the scalp

44
Q

anterior cervical node

A

in a smoking person is cancer until you prove that it’s not

reacts to things in the neck or throat

45
Q

posterior cervical nodes

A

react to things in neck and throat

classic finding in mononucleosis

46
Q

supraclavicular node

A

classic presentation of lymphoma (one node) and also may be present in breast cancer

47
Q

goiter

A

enlarged thyroid gland

48
Q

what to include when describing masses

A 
size
shape
consistency
mobility
position
49
Q

the throat is separated into

A

anterior and posterior triangle (separated by the sternoclaudomastoid muscle

50
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst

A 
congenital cyst (usually asymptomatic)
may get infected
51
Q

branchail cleft cyst

A

on left side of neck

usually on division line of anterior and posterior triangle

Medicine (146 decks)

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