Flashcards in Nose and Throat Exam Deck (51):
1
What should you note about nasal discharge?
color
consistency
odor
amount
timing
bilateral/unilateral?
CABCOT
2
Normal nasal discharge is
clear/colorless
thin (not viscous)
no odor
some discharge (none is not normal)
3
Bacterial infection may have what type of discharge?
green/yellow
4
classic presentation of a nasal foreign body is
unilateral, malodorous, nasal discharge
5
patency
how well you breathe through your nose
(congestion, timing, uni/bilateral)
6
associated symptoms that are typical with nasal complaints
dental pain
burning
headache
fever
7
things to observe when beginning nasal exam
swelling
deformity (bony abnormality)
erythema
8
things to palpate during nasal exam
tenderness (at joint of nasal bone and cartilage)
crepitus (cracking sound or sensation-two bones rubbing together)
warmth
any skin lesions?
9
things to observe when looking into the nasal canal
discharge
septum (midline? deviated? blood vessels visible?)
inferior turbinate (blob of pink tissue)
10
viscous discharge is called
crusting
11
kesovexplexus
most common spot of nose bleeds (area in the anterior nasal canal that is highly vasculated)
12
turbinate
filtering units in the bone
covered with rich vasculated mucosa
13
what does the maxillary sinusitis make the inferior turbinate look like?
coated in purulous fluid
14
what are you noting when palpating the maxillary and frontal sinuses?
tenderness
bony abnormalities
hard when touched (could indicated cancer)
15
transillumination can be used to diagnosis
fluid in the sinuses (should be able to see light on hard palate if sinuses are free of fluid-place the light on the cheek)
16
nasal polyps
translucent, pearly mass in the nose
sign of chronic irritation (drugs, smoking, allergies)
may originate in the nose or in the sinuses
pt presents with persistent nasal congestion
17
deviated septum
can be caused by trauma
>70% occlusion would indicate surgery
may cause hypertrophy of the turbinate on the "free" side
CC may be sleep apnea/snoring
18
nasal vestibulitis
usually bacterial staph (MRSA) infection
red bulbous tip of their nose
red just inside the nose (vestibule)
19
nasal foreign bodies may be combined with
impetigo (from scratching and breaking the skin)
-strep and staph infection
20
best way to deal with nasal foreign bodies
try to blow it out
21
new links are being made between oral health and
CV disease
22
what to note w/lip inspection
color and moisture
lumps
ulcers
cracking
scaliness
23
leukoplakia
precursor to cancer from ill-fitting dentures
24
what to note w/oral mucosa inspection
color
ulcers
white patches/red patches
nodules
25
what to note w/ gum inspection
color
caries
ulcers
26
when patient phonates, the uvula should
elevate
27
what does having the pt swallow test for?
nerve test
28
floor of mouth holds
wartons duct
mandibular salivary gland
29
asymmetry of tongue indicates
cranial nerve problem
30
steps of the mouth exam
1. evert the lip (you can or have pt do it)
2. using pen light to visualize
3. use two tongue blades
4. palpate (careful with old people-dementia and little people)
31
areas to palpate of the tongue
1. tongue
2. floor of mouth
3. buccal mucosa
4. roof of mouth
(use two fingers)
32
acute exudative tonsillitis
cryptic tonsils (surface has divites)
infection of the tonsils
erythema
common in mononucleosis
33
apthous stomatitis
cold sore on the inside of the mouth
organism is herpes virus
34
dental abscess
infection of the teeth (cavities gone wild)
35
herpes labialis
cold sores on the outside of mouth (around lips)
painful, pt may become dehydrated (painful to drink)
36
peritonsillar abscess
tonsil itself is not abscessed, it is the peritonsillar space behind the tonsil that pushes the tonsil toward the midline
CC: severe aphagia, dysphagia, look sick, high fever
37
Rendu-Osler-Weber
familial telangectasias
present all over lips, tongue, nose
-most common on oral mucosa but can present anywhere on the body
38
preauricular lymph node palpation
in front of the ear, usually reacts to infections of eye and scalp
39
posterior auricular lymph node palpation
superficial to the mastoid process, usually reacts to infections of scalp and ear
40
parotid nodes
palpable could indicate mumps, reacts to abnormality in parotid glands
41
pharyngeal nodes
responds to whats going on in the throat (tonsillitis, pharyngitis)
42
submandibular nodes and submental
along angle of the jaw/ at point of chin
respond to whats going in lower teeth of lower jaw
43
occipital nodes
reacts to what goes on in the scalp
44
anterior cervical node
in a smoking person is cancer until you prove that it's not
reacts to things in the neck or throat
45
posterior cervical nodes
react to things in neck and throat
classic finding in mononucleosis
46
supraclavicular node
classic presentation of lymphoma (one node) and also may be present in breast cancer
47
goiter
enlarged thyroid gland
48
what to include when describing masses
size
shape
consistency
mobility
position
49
the throat is separated into
anterior and posterior triangle (separated by the sternoclaudomastoid muscle
50
thyroglossal duct cyst
congenital cyst (usually asymptomatic)
may get infected
51