Flashcards in Mood Disorders Deck (46):
1
what is mood?
pervasive and sustained tone that is internal and colors a person's behavior and perception
2
what is affect?
external manifestation of mood
3
what are mood disorders?
clinical conditions characterized by a loss of a sense of control and significant subjective distress
4
what differentiates unipolar vs bipolar?
Major depressive episodes ONLY (MDD)=unipolar
Major depressive PLUS manic episodes = bipolar
5
what is hypomania?
low grade mania sxs
6
what is cyclothymia?
low grade bipolar sxs
-lasts 2 yrs and doesn't meet criteria for bipolar I or II
7
what is dysthymia?
low grade depression sxs
-long-lasting, less severe lasting 2 yrs
8
what is unipolar mania/pure mania?
when only manic sxs are present
9
what is a major depressive episode?
distinct period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure (must last at least 2 weeks)
-feel like they are in a fog
10
what is a manic episode?
distinct period of abn and persistently elevated, expansive and irritable mood (must last at least one week)
11
who does depression affect most?
women > men
12
who does mania affect most?
men > women
13
which gender are more rapid cyclers (4+ episodes in one year)?
women
14
what is the avg age of onset of depression?
40 yo
15
what is avg age of onset of bipolar disorder?
30 yo
16
what other things do ppl with mood disorders have an increased risk fo?
substance abuse, panic disorders, OCD, anxiety disorder (this can increase suicide risk)
17
oversupply of dopamine is a/w which disorder?
schizophrenia (also may involve glutamate)
mania
18
undersupply of serotonin is a/w which disorder?
depression
anxiety
19
what does GABA correlate with?
anxiety and intoxication
20
what is the most common condition involved in the psychiatric realm?
mood disorders
21
what is bipolar 1?
characterized by mainly manic episodes or rapid daily cycling
22
what is bipolar 2?
characterized by mainly depressive episodes accompanied by hypomania
23
which substances affect dopamine levels?
cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin
alcohol
24
which substances affect serotonin levels?
prozac
hallucinogenics (LSD)
25
what does imbalance in norepinephrine cause?
HTN, depression (undersupply)
26
which substances affect norepinephrine?
Tricyclic antidepressants
beta blockers
27
what do ACh imbalances cause?
muscular disorders
Alzheimers dz
28
which substances affect ACh levels?
nicotine
botulism toxin
curare
atropine
29
which substances affect GABA?
barbiturates
tranquilizers (valium, librium)
alcohol
30
which substances affect glutamine?
PCP
31
what anatomical changes can stress and depression cause?
HPA axis (thyroid) and changes in brain structure
32
what depressive feelings are commonly a/w suicidal thoughts?
excessive feelings of worthlessness or feelings of guilt
33
how are mood disorders inherited?
it's genetic
34
what can often trigger depressive of bipolar episodes?
significant life stressors
35
what causes future episodes of MDD or bipolar to be more likely?
changes in neurotransmission functioning in the brain
36
what is the cognitive triad of depression?
negative views of 1. self, 2. environment, 3. future
37
which PDs are more likely to also be depressed?
OCPD
histrionic
borderline
38
what is a key sxs that is common in mania?
unrestrained buying sprees (large credit card debt), sexual activity, gambling, foolish business investments
39
what is a mixed episode?
very rare
experience mania AND depression in one day
40
who has higher rates of bipolar?
higher SES (socioeconomic)
41
where is depression more common?
rural areas
42
what is the diathesis-stress model?
the idea that everyone is susceptible to some disorder
43
what is a qualifier for having an MDD recurrence?
must be 2 mo sxs free between episodes
44
how is bipolar coding differentiated?
by the manic episodes
45
what is a qualifier for having a bipolar recurrence?
must be 2 mo without a manic or hypomanic episode
46