Blood type A
you have A antigen on the surface of the RBC and B antibodies in your blood plasma
which blood type is the universal donor?
O
which blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
what type of blood cells are transferred in a transfusion?
RBC
how does a hypersensitivity reaction present?
mild fever anaphylaxis severe hemolysis chills rash back pain bloody urine fainting
what is cross matching?
testing performed prior to a transfusion to determine if blood types are compatible for organ transplants
agglutination reaction
clumping of the red blood cells because of mismatch transfusion
Rh factor
Rh antigen on the RBC indicated by + or - on blood type
hydrops fetalis
when RBC of the fetus are destroyed by the Rh antibody of the mother
who is Landsteiner?
he discovered the Rh factor in 1940 and he also discovered ABO blood types
what is the Direct Coombs test? (DAT or direct antiglobulni test)
used to identify if there is lysis of the RBC
used to detect hemolytic transfusion reaction
-identifies antibodies that are attached to the RBC
how is the DAT test done?
Coombs reagent involved and if there is agglutination you will be able to visual it
indirect Coombs test or IAT
used in prenatal testing of pregnant women and in testing blood prior to blood transfusion
how is the Coombs test done?
serum is extracted then incubated with RBCs of known antigenicity
why do we give blood transfusions?
increase oxygen-carrying capacity
increase total blood volume
when should you give a blood transfusion? (oxygen carrying)
unlikely for hemoglobin >10 g/dL
in between 10 and 6 if pt has major disease such as emphysema or ischemic heart disease
definite for hemoglobin <6 g/dL
when should you give a blood transfusion?
volume
blood loss of more than 20% (100 ml)
what is TRALI?
transfusion related acute lung injury
-rare but usually seen within the first 6 hours
what is the presentation of TRALI?
acute onset of dyspnea
severe hypoxemia
hypotension
fever
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
due to hemolysis of previously unknown antibody
what labs would be indicated in suspected DHTR?
look for falling Hgb
newly positive antibody screen
spherocytes on smear
