common lab panels Flashcards
1
Q
CBC
A
(complete blood count)
-WBC
*monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils
-RBC
-Hgb ( hemoglobin)
-Hct ( hematocrit )
-RBC indices
MCV
MCH (hemoglobin)
MCHC
RDW
-platelet
2
Q
BMP
A
(basic metabolic panel) Glucose Sodium Potassium Chloride CO2 Creatinine BUN (nitrogen) Calcium
3
Q
Hepatic Function
A
ALT ALT Albumin Alkaline Phosphatase Bilirubin GGT Total protein Prothrombin time
4
Q
CMP
A
(comprehensive metabolic panel) BMP + -Albumin -AST -ALT -Bilirubin -Total protein
5
Q
Lipid panel
A
Total cholesterol HDL LDL Triglyceride level VLDL
6
Q
normal RBC levels
A
in peripheral venous blood
male 4.7-6.1
female 4.2-5.4
anemic (>10% below normal)
7
Q
erythocytosis
A
excess RBC
8
Q
normal hematocrit
A
male 42-52%
female 37-47%
critical 60%
9
Q
normal hemoglobin
A
male 14-18g/dL
female 12-16 g/dL
pregnant female >11 g/dL
10
Q
Rule of three
A
Hgb = 3x RBC Hct = 3x Hgb
11
Q
normal MCV values
A
80-95 normocytic
95 macrocytic
12
Q
MCV =
A
(Hct x 10) / RBC
13
Q
MCH =
A
Hgb/RBC (amount of Hgb per RBC)
14
Q
MCHC=
A
Hgb/Hct (conc of Hgb in an RBC)
15
Q
normal MCHC values
A
32-36 % normochromic
<32% hypochromic
16
Q
RDW
A
indicates cell size variability
normal 11-14.5%
17
Q
anisocytosis
A
elevated RDW (high variation in cell size) may indicate sickle cell
18
Q
poikilocytosis
A
abnormal shapes of cells/staining patterns
19
Q
target cells
A
look like bull’s eyes
- hemoglobinopathies
- thalassemia
20
Q
burr cells
A
look like burrs
- uremia
- liver disease
- post splenectomy
21
Q
spherocytes
A
look like spheres instead of oval
- hereditary spherocytosis
- acquired immunohemolytic anemia
22
Q
Heinz bodies
A
dark spot stains along periphery of cell
- G6PD deficiency
- alpha thallasemia
23
Q
Howell-jolly bodies
A
dark spot stains inside of cell
- myelodysplasia
- post splenectomy
- Sjorgen syndrome antibody
24
Q
basophilic stippling
A
looks like granules of basophils
-lead poisoning
25
schistocytes (helmet cells)
look like half of a cell
- artificial valve
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- thrombotic thromocytopenic purpura
- hemolytic uremic syndrome
26
normal reticulocyte values
0.5-2.0%
27
aplastic anemia
low retic count
| marrow can't make new cells
28
low retic count may indicate
no new cell production because of lack of bone marrow response or lack of materials (Fe, folate, B12)
29
Reticulocyte index
% of total RBCs
retic % x (pts hematocrit/normal hematocrit)
>1.0 is good response
30
normal ESR
male 15mm/hr
| female 20 mm/hr
31
elevated ESR indicates
chronic or acute inflammation
occult neoplasms
necrotic diseases
renal failure
32
neutrophils
granulocytes
1st responders during infections and inflammation
2-5 lobe nucleus
33
lymphocytes
agranulocytes
| B and T cells work together to destroy foreign bodies
34
plasma cell
B-lymphocyte memory cell
35
eosinophils
granulocyte stains pink w/2 lobes of nucleus
| present in parasitic attacks and allergic reactions
36
basophil
granulocyte stains purple
| store histamine and heparin
37
monocytes
agranulocyte
present in chronic infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS preleukemia) and myeloid leukemia
38
absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
<1000 indicates severe immunocompromised
39
reasons why WBC may be increased
eating, physical activity, stress
pregnancy
PM hours
newborns and infants
40
leukocytosis
increased WBC
41
leukocytosis indicates
```
infection
leukemic neoplasia
malignancy
trauma, stress, hemorrhage
tissue necrosis
inflammation
dehydration (hemoconcentration)
thyroid storm
steroid use
```
42
leukopenia indicates
```
drug toxicity (chemo)
bone marrow failure
overwhelming infections (body gives up)
dietary deficiency
congenital marrow aplasia
bone marrow infiltration
autoimmune disease
hypersplenism
```
43
what is the correct order for performing lab tests?
1. non-contrast (Xray, CT as is)
2. iodinated (thyroid test)
3. barium (common GI test)
44
what kind of test tube do you use clot blood?
red top tube
45
what kind of test tube do you use to separate serum?
tiger or green top tube (contains heparin)
46
what kind of test tube do you use to prevent clotting for CBC, PT and INR?
purple top tube (contains EDTA)
47
What kind of test do you use to prevent clotting for plasma testing?
blue top tube
48
what order do you collect blood?
1. blood cultures
2. red top
3. blue top
4. green top
5. purple
49
where is erythropoeitin manufactured?
kidney
50
what could cause the RBC count to be high?
severe dehydration
