Brain

Question 1

what is the purpose of the reticular system?

Answer 1

alertness

-connects with cerebrum, spinal cord and cerebellum

Question 2

what are common fixtures throughout the brainstem?

Answer 2

ascending sensory
descending motor
cranial nerve nuclei

Question 3

what are the mamillary bodies?

Answer 3

part of the limbic system

Question 4

what do the colliculi do?

Answer 4

assoc with vision and hearing

Question 5

superior colliculi

Answer 5

part of visual pathway (bulbs on posterior side of midbrain)

Question 6

inferior colliculi

Answer 6

part of auditory pathway (bulbs on posterior side of midbrain)

Question 7

what is the pineal gland located?

Answer 7

epithalamic

Question 8

what is the mesencephalon?

Answer 8

midbrain

Question 9

what does pons do?

Answer 9

nuclei for heart rate and breathing rate
cranial nerve for 5, 6, 7 and 8
connections with the cerebellum (peduncles)

Question 10

what does the medulla do?

Answer 10

regulates heart and breathing rate
nuclei for CN 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
nucleus gracile and nucleus cuneatus (transmits proprioception and vibration and discriminative touch)

Question 11

what are parts of the cerebral white matter?

Answer 11

association tracts
commissural tracts (connect gyrus in one hemisphere to gyrus of opposite hemisphere)
projection tracts (connect lower brain to higher centers)

Question 12

what is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 12

major sensory relay station

Question 13

what is the cortiospinal pathway

Answer 13

from cerebral cortex to spinal cord

Question 14

what is the corticopontine pathway

Answer 14

from cerebral cortex to pons

Question 15

what is the corticobulbar pathway

Answer 15

from cerebral cortex to medulla

Question 16

where does the superior cerebellar peduncle extend?

Answer 16

from cerebellum to red nuclei

Question 17

where does the middle cerebellar peduncle extend?

Answer 17

from pontine nuclei to cerebellum

Question 18

where does the inferior cerebellar peduncle extend?

Answer 18

1. proprioceptors from trunk and limbs to cerebellum
2. vestibular from proprioceptors in head to cerebellum and some that go back
3. from inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum
4. from cerebellum to reticular formation

Question 19

which embryonic portion becomes the cerebrum?

Answer 19

telencephalon

Question 20

which embryonic portion becomes the pons and cerebellum?

Answer 20

metencephalon

Question 21

which embryonic portion becomes the medulla and spinal cord?

Answer 21

myelenchephalon

Question 22

what dura mater layer separates cerebrum from cerebellum?

Answer 22

tentorium cerebelli

Question 23

what type of CT is the dura mater?

Answer 23

dense irregular

Question 24

what type of CT is arachnoid mater?

Answer 24

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 25

what type of CT is pia mater?

Answer 25

delicate collage and elastic fibers

Question 26

what are the main functions of CSF?

Answer 26

shock absorption
pH
transports proteins
exchange of nutrients and wastes to blood

Question 27

what is an infection of the spinal cord?

Answer 27

myelitis

Question 28

what is kernig’s sign?

Answer 28

pain on flexion of legs (sign of meningitis)

Question 29

what is brudzinskis sign?

Answer 29

flexing the neck causes flexing of the hip and knee (sign of meningitis)