what is the purpose of the reticular system?
alertness
-connects with cerebrum, spinal cord and cerebellum
what are common fixtures throughout the brainstem?
ascending sensory
descending motor
cranial nerve nuclei
what are the mamillary bodies?
part of the limbic system
what do the colliculi do?
assoc with vision and hearing
superior colliculi
part of visual pathway (bulbs on posterior side of midbrain)
inferior colliculi
part of auditory pathway (bulbs on posterior side of midbrain)
what is the pineal gland located?
epithalamic
what is the mesencephalon?
midbrain
what does pons do?
nuclei for heart rate and breathing rate
cranial nerve for 5, 6, 7 and 8
connections with the cerebellum (peduncles)
what does the medulla do?
regulates heart and breathing rate
nuclei for CN 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
nucleus gracile and nucleus cuneatus (transmits proprioception and vibration and discriminative touch)
what are parts of the cerebral white matter?
association tracts commissural tracts (connect gyrus in one hemisphere to gyrus of opposite hemisphere) projection tracts (connect lower brain to higher centers)
what is the function of the thalamus?
major sensory relay station
what is the cortiospinal pathway
from cerebral cortex to spinal cord
what is the corticopontine pathway
from cerebral cortex to pons
what is the corticobulbar pathway
from cerebral cortex to medulla
where does the superior cerebellar peduncle extend?
from cerebellum to red nuclei
where does the middle cerebellar peduncle extend?
from pontine nuclei to cerebellum
where does the inferior cerebellar peduncle extend?
- proprioceptors from trunk and limbs to cerebellum
- vestibular from proprioceptors in head to cerebellum and some that go back
- from inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum
- from cerebellum to reticular formation
which embryonic portion becomes the cerebrum?
telencephalon
which embryonic portion becomes the pons and cerebellum?
metencephalon
which embryonic portion becomes the medulla and spinal cord?
myelenchephalon
what dura mater layer separates cerebrum from cerebellum?
tentorium cerebelli
what type of CT is the dura mater?
dense irregular
what type of CT is arachnoid mater?
collagen and elastic fibers
what type of CT is pia mater?
delicate collage and elastic fibers
what are the main functions of CSF?
shock absorption
pH
transports proteins
exchange of nutrients and wastes to blood
what is an infection of the spinal cord?
myelitis
what is kernig’s sign?
pain on flexion of legs (sign of meningitis)
what is brudzinskis sign?
flexing the neck causes flexing of the hip and knee (sign of meningitis)
