Eye

Question 1

cycloplegic drugs do what?

Answer 1

impair eyes ability to contract the ciliary body

-impairs close vision

Question 2

what does a sympathomimetic do?

Answer 2

decrease aqueous secretion

Question 3

what does a beta adrenergic blocking agent do?

Answer 3

decrease aqueous secretion

Question 4

what should you never do with topical anesthetics?

Answer 4

prescribe for home use

-pts lose sense of pain

Question 5

when would you use topical corticosteroids?

Answer 5

rarely, if ever

• too many potential side effects
• NEVER if suspicious of HSV infection

Question 6

what are the drawbacks of ointments?

Answer 6

can be messy

can cause visual blurring

Question 7

what should always be in your ocular differential?

Answer 7

drugs that they are on that have side effects

Question 8

what are drawbacks of contact lenses?

Answer 8

increase risk of infection and corneal ulceration

Question 9

what are two key questions when it comes to vision loss?

Answer 9

1. did this occur suddenly or over time?

2. painful or painless?

Question 10

what can cause diplopia?

Answer 10

ocular misalignment

Question 11

what is the DDx for diplopia?

Answer 11

CN palsy

Grave’s dz

Question 12

what is the DDx for spots and flashing lights?

Answer 12

benign vitreous floaters
posterior vitreous detachment
vitreous hemorrhage
uveitis
retinal tear or detachment
differentiate from migrain scotoma

Question 13

1 cause of blindness WW?

Answer 13

cataracts

Question 14

1 cause of blindness US?

Answer 14

diabetic neuropathy

Question 15

1 cause of blindness US elderly?

Answer 15

macular degeneration

Question 16

what are other causes of blindness?

Answer 16

retinal detachment

central retinal arterial occlusions

Question 17

what is the most common cause of infectious blindness world wide?

Answer 17

trachoma (chlamydia)

-causes inflammation and scarring of the lids

Question 18

what is the ddx for ptosis?

Answer 18

horner’s
CN III palsy
myasthenia gravis
age related

Question 19

what are the symptoms of horner’s?

Answer 19

ptosis
anhydrosis
miosis

Question 20

what is the ddx for proptosis?

Answer 20

graves dz (bilateral)
orbital cellulitis (usu. unilateral)
retrobulbar tumor (usu. unilateral)

Question 21

what causes proptosis in graves?

Answer 21

mucopolysaccharide/inflammatory cell deposits in the periorbital tissues
-usu. occurs when the pts in hyperthyroid but it can happen before or after
-worsened by smoking and RAI tx.
should always do hertel exopthalmometry

Question 22

what is afferent pupillary defect?

Answer 22

marcus gunn pupil

• eye does not dilate with direct response but does with indirect response
• retina is not picking up the direct light
• testing with swinging light test

Question 23

what is the best way to prevent diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 23

good glycemic control

Question 24

what is the #1 cause of new blindness in the US?

Answer 24

diabetic retinopathy

Question 25

when should a type 1 diabetic get the first eye exam?

Answer 25

by 5th year of dx

annually thereafter

Question 26

when should a type 2 diabetic get the first eye exam?

Answer 26

ASAP after dx

annually thereafter

Question 27

what is the txment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 27

panretinal photocoagulation

-burning off lesions, stop leakage of blood vessels

Question 28

what are the ocular side effects of rifampin?

Answer 28

orange tears

Question 29

what are the ocular side effects of corticosteroids?

Answer 29

1. ocular dryness
2. cataract
3. 2a infection
4. glaucoma

Question 30

what are the ocular side effects of PDE inhibitors? (Viagrao)

Answer 30

color changes

Question 31

what are the ocular side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 31

ocular dryness

Question 32

what are the ocular side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 32

ocular dryness

glaucoma