Flashcards in Fluids and Acid/Base Deck (21):
1
which 3 mechanisms are used to eliminate H+?
1. buffer systems
2. blowing off CO2
3. kidney excretion
2
what do buffer systems do?
temporarily handle strong acids by making them into weak acids
3
what is the most abundant buffer in the intracellular fluid?
protein (HgB or albumin)`
4
which buffer works as an important regulator of cytosol?
phosphate
5
where are the central chemoreceptors located?
medulla
6
where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
aorta
carotid
7
where is hydrogen ion secreted in the tubules?
PCT and collecting ducts
8
which renal cells are responsible for pumping H+ ions into the tubular fluid?
intercalated cells (apical surface)
-can also reabsorb hydrogen ions
9
what are normal levels of PCO2?
35-45
10
what are normal levels of bicarb?
22-26
11
which zone of the hypothalamus is responsible for thirst?
zona incerta
lateral
12
which cells are a/w ADH?
principle cells of distal DCT and collecting duct
13
which electrolytes are most abundant in the intracellular space?
K+
Mg+
HPO42-
SO42-
protein anions
14
which electrolytes are most abundant in the extracellular fluids?
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-
HCO3-
15
what is the normal sodium value?
136-148
16
what is the normal chlorine value?
95-105
17
what is the normal K level?
3.5-5.5
18
which electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmia and peaked T waves?
hyperkalemia
19
what is normal calcium level?
4.5-5.5
20
what is normal phosphate level?
1.7-2.6
21