Hematology Day 1

Question 1

how large is an RBC?

Answer 1

7.7 um

Question 2

when are RBCs increased?

Answer 2

infants,
during the day
activity
temperature
altitude

Question 3

what is the normal blood volume?

Answer 3

5L

Question 4

which chains does hemoglobin have?

Answer 4

2 alpha chains

2 beta chains

Question 5

how does blood contribute to acid/base balance?

Answer 5

transports CO as bicarb

Question 6

what is an average range of white cells?

Answer 6

5-10K

Question 7

a WBC of >10K would indicate what?

Answer 7

infection, dx, reactive

Question 8

a WBC of <5K would indicate what?

Answer 8

immunodeficiency or huge infection with depleted pool

Question 9

what are normal values of neutrophils?

Answer 9

55-70%

2500-8000 ANC

Question 10

how do neutrophils kill microorganisms?

Answer 10

releases toxic enzymes and phagocytisizes

Question 11

what are normal values of lymphocytes?

Answer 11

20-30%, 1000-4000

Question 12

what are normal values of monocytes?

Answer 12

2-8%, 100-700

Question 13

what are normal values of eosinophils?

Answer 13

1-3%

50-5000

Question 14

what is the role of eosinophils?

Answer 14

parasite invasions

allergic rxns

Question 15

what are normal values of basophils?

Answer 15

<1%, 25-100

Question 16

what is the role of basophils?

Answer 16

histamines

inflammatory response to injury (non specific immune response)

Question 17

which cells are the first line of defense in inflammatory responses?

Answer 17

monocytes

Question 18

which WBC is most responsible for viral infections?

Answer 18

lymphocytes

Question 19

what are the normal values of platelets?

Answer 19

130K-400K

Question 20

when do you have a bleeding risk?

Answer 20

20K

Question 21

what is a microcytic cell?

Answer 21

MCV of <80

Question 22

what is normal MCV?

Answer 22

80-96

Question 23

what are the microcytic anemias?

Answer 23

TICS
thalassemia
Iron deficiency
chronic dz/infllamation or copper def.
spherocytosis/siderblastic/dec. synthesis

Question 24

what is spherocytosis?

Answer 24

no area of central pallor,

small, round shape

Question 25

what is sideroblast?

Answer 25

iron accumulation around nucleus (in membrane, not in hemoglobin molecule)

Question 26

what is the MCV for macroblastic RBC?

Answer 26

>100

Question 27

what are causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 27

BIG FAT RED CELLS

Question 28

what are causes of normocytic anemia?

Answer 28

NORMAL SIZE

Question 29

what is myelophthistic?

Answer 29

bone marrow gets displaced by non-blood making tissue

Question 30

what is hypochromia?

Answer 30

reduced Hgb content

Question 31

what is hyperchromia?

Answer 31

excess pigmentation of hemoglobin

Question 32

what is poikilocytosis?

Answer 32

way to describe the shape of red cells | used in anemias, myelofibrosis

Question 33

what does an increase in reticulocytes indicate?

Answer 33

active erythropoeisis, - posthemorrhage - acclimating to increase altitude - pulmonary dz with hypoxia - all types of anemia

Question 34

what will the RDW be if retic count is high?

Answer 34

elevated (retics are larger than RBC)

Question 35

what is anemia of chronic dz?

Answer 35

overall the body is not functioning correctly and is not producing RBCs the way it is supposed to

Question 36

what is the definition of anemia?

Answer 36

reduction in mass of circulating RBC

Question 37

what are the factors that influence anemias?

Answer 37

1. production 2. destruction 3. loss

Question 38

what bone marrow disorders impact RBC production?

Answer 38

aplastic anemia MDS tumor infiltration

Question 39

what things caused bone marrow suppression?

Answer 39

Meds (alopurinol) Radiation Chemo

Question 40

what endocrine problems impact RBC production?

Answer 40

kidney dz (dec. epo) hypothyroid hypogonadism

Question 41

how do angrogens impact RBC production?

Answer 41

increase

Question 42

what are inherited hemolytic anemias?

Answer 42

hereditary spherocytosis sickle cell thal major

Question 43

what are acquired hemolytic anemias?

Answer 43

``` Coombs positive AI TTP-HUS malaria meds ```

Question 44

what is a common source of blood loss?

Answer 44

GI...think GI!

Question 45

what are sxs of anemai?

Answer 45

``` SOB CP or angina fatigue bounding pulses, roaring in ears confusion HF (chronic low volumes where the heart out) PICA (crave ice?) syncope shock/death ```

Question 46

How do you approach anemia?

Answer 46

1. assess MCV 2. ethnic background 3. UTD with GI eval, gyn eval

Question 47

what do you note on PE when eval anemai?

Answer 47

``` pallor jaundice lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly bone tenderness (aplastic anema/leukemia) petechiae or ecchymosis sx of bleeding stool/DRE ```

Question 48

what environment does iron need to be absorbed?

Answer 48

acidic (need to decrease pH, in order to get optimal absorption)

Question 49

what does the ferritin level tell you?

Answer 49

iron stores over time

Question 50

what is the desire to eat dirt?

Answer 50

geophagia

Question 51

what is the desire to eat paper/starch?

Answer 51

amylophagia

Question 52

what happens during acute blood loss?

Answer 52

extravascular fluid moves the intravascular space and the RBCs become diluted which leads to anemia

Question 53

where is iron stored?

Answer 53

liver, spleen, marrow