Spinal Cord

Question 1

ganglion

Answer 1

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Question 2

dorsal root ganglion contains which kind of nerves?

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

ventral root ganglia contain which kind of nerve?

Answer 3

motor

Question 4

spinal nerve

Answer 4

when dorsal and ventral root ganglia fuse

Question 5

what is contained in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 5

CSF and fat and blood vessels

Question 6

denticulate ligament

Answer 6

extension of the pia mater,

part of the anchoring mechanism to keep the spinal cord in place

Question 7

supracristal line

Answer 7

highest point of the iliac crest

Question 8

conus medullaris

Answer 8

terminal end of spinal cord (At L1-L2)

part of CNS

Question 9

filum terminale

Answer 9

extension of pia mater from conus medullaris to cocccyx
fuses with arachnoid mater at coccyx
(not nervous tissue-only CT)

Question 10

cauda equina

Answer 10

horse tail-like nervous tissue below L1

Part of PNS

Question 11

why is the spinal cord thicker at the cervical and lumbar areas?

Answer 11

they have nerve endings for upper and lower extremities

Question 12

gracile fasciculus

Answer 12

named part of dorsal columns

Question 13

cuneate fasciculus

Answer 13

named part of dorsal columns

Question 14

what kind of sensation travels in the dorsal columns?

Answer 14

finer vibration, procreation, discriminative touch

Question 15

somatic motor neuron cell bodies make up what?

Answer 15

grey matter

Question 16

what is inside the central canal?

Answer 16

CSF

Question 17

alpha motor neuron

Answer 17

somatic motor neuron

-big fat and highly myelinated

Question 18

thalamus

Answer 18

major sensory center for the brain

Question 19

what is the hallmark of spinothalamic tract?

Answer 19

crosses as soon as it enters the spinal cord

Question 20

what are the target organs for the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 20

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 21

proprioception

Answer 21

knowing where you are in space

Question 22

what will sensory neurons do when they enter spinal cord?

Answer 22

1. synapse on interneurons
2. go directly into white matter and travel up or down several segments
3. cross over spinal cord

Question 23

describe the cervical spinal cord

Answer 23

has tons of white matter and a large diameter

Question 24

describe the thoracic spinal cord

Answer 24

small diameter
small anterior and posterior horns
sympathetic cell bodies are present

Question 25

describe the lumbar spinal cord

Answer 25

nearly circular large anterior and posterior horns less white matter compared to cervical

Question 26

describe the sacral spinal cord

Answer 26

small diameter, but large amt of gray matter | small amt of white matter

Question 27

what cranial nerves are the nuclei for parasympathetic

Answer 27

vagus X glossopharygeal IX facial VII oculomotor III

Question 28

what is an inborn reflex?

Answer 28

have since birth

Question 29

what is an acquired reflex?

Answer 29

learned reflex (motor learning)

Question 30

what are the free nerve pain receptors?

Answer 30

nociceptors

Question 31

how many nerves are involved in the withdrawal reflex?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

what is the crossed extensor reflex?

Answer 32

when nociceptor senses pain on one side that causes withdrawal, motor neurons tell the other side to compensate

Question 33

stretch reflex

Answer 33

mono synaptic proprioreceptors in skeletal muscle that monitors change in length of muscle prevent overstretching and damage of the muscles

Question 34

what is the muscle fiber Ia?

Answer 34

muscle spindles

Question 35

what is the muscle fiber Ib?

Answer 35

tendon organs

Question 36

what is the muscle fiber II, Ab?

Answer 36

muscle spindles, mechanoreceptors

Question 37

what is the muscle fiber Ag?

Answer 37

thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

Question 38

what is the muscle fiber C?

Answer 38

thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors

Question 39

gamma motor neurons do what?

Answer 39

maintain the tension and contractile state of the muscle | -cell bodies in ventral gray matter

Question 40

clonus

Answer 40

isolated movement of the reflexed area

Question 41

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 41

when reflex is activated, an inhibitory response goes to the antagonistic muscle group to prevent contraction

Question 42

hypotonic

Answer 42

floppy, low tone

Question 43

hypertonic

Answer 43

parkinsons (rigidity) | spasticity

Question 44

what are dermatomes?

Answer 44

provides sensory input to CNS

Question 45

what are myotomes?

Answer 45

levels of spinal cord that contribute to innervation of skeletal muscle