Innate Immunity

Question 1

which areas of the body do not have lymphatic vessels?

Answer 1

CNS
spleen
bone marrow
avascular structures

Question 2

which cells are most abundant in the lymph nodes?

Answer 2

lymphocytes

macrophages

Question 3

what is lymph fluid called?

Answer 3

chyle

Question 4

which two mechanisms facilitate movement of chyle?

Answer 4

contraction of skeletal muscle

respiratory pump

Question 5

what are Hassel’s corpuscles/

Answer 5

located in the medulla of the thymus

epithelial cells filled with keratohyaline granules

Question 6

what is the role of nurse cells?

Answer 6

secrete thymic hormones that mature and differentiate T-cells

Question 7

what is located in the outer cortex of lymph nodes?

Answer 7

B cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

Question 8

what is located in the medulla of lymph nodes?

Answer 8

B cells and macrophages

Question 9

what is located in the inner cortex of lymph nodes?

Answer 9

T cells

dendritic cells

Question 10

what CT fibers support lymph nodes?

Answer 10

reticular fiber

Question 11

what is found in the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 11

B and T cells surrounding branches of the splenic artery

Immune system component

Question 12

what is found in the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 12

blood-filled venous sinuses
sinusoid capillaries
removes worn out RBC and WBC

Question 13

which chemical on the skin is resistant to bacterial enzymes?

Answer 13

keratin

Question 14

which features do mucosal membranes use to fight bacteria?

Answer 14

acidity
sebum contains chemical toxin
stomach digests proteins
tenacious to trap organisms
cilia to move them out
normal flora

Question 15

which cells produce interferon?

Answer 15

virally-infected lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 16

what does interferon do?

Answer 16

induces synthesis of antiviral proteins

Question 17

which cells produce alpha interferon?

Answer 17

leukocytes

Question 18

which cells produce beta interferon?

Answer 18

fibroblasts

Question 19

which cells produce gamma interferon?

Answer 19

lymphocytes

Question 20

what 3 things does the complement system do?

Answer 20

1. promotes phagocytosis
2. causes inflammation
3. causes cytolysis

Question 21

how does iron binding contribute to innate immunity?

Answer 21

traps iron, which bacteria needs to replicate

Question 22

what do AMP’s do?

Answer 22

work in a variety of ways against many organisms

Question 23

which cell has the selectin?

Answer 23

blood vessel endothelial cell

Question 24

which cell has the integrin?

Answer 24

neutrophil

Question 25

what two components does opsonization need?

Answer 25

1. complement (innate) | 2. IgG (adaptive)

Question 26

what do defensins do?

Answer 26

pierce a whole in the bacterium cell wall

Question 27

which cells can kill cancer and virally infected cells?

Answer 27

NK cells

Question 28

what important areas contain NK cells?

Answer 28

spleen bone marrow lymph nodes

Question 29

how do NK cells know which cells to kill?

Answer 29

contains a stress-induced glycoprotein on cell surface | lacks MHC 1 protein

Question 30

what two proteins do NK cells use to kill cells?

Answer 30

perforins | granzymes

Question 31

what do granzymes do?

Answer 31

penetrate bacterial cells and destroy their insides

Question 32

what are 2 main functions of the inflammatory response?

Answer 32

1. vasodilation | 2. increased capillary permeability

Question 33

which 3 things cause pain from injury?

Answer 33

1. edema 2. prostaglandins 3. bradykinin

Question 34

which coagulation factor is responsible for the kinin cascade?

Answer 34

factor 12

Question 35

which prostaglandin is responsible for platelet aggregation?

Answer 35

thrombaxane

Question 36

which prostaglandin is responsible for protecting tissue surrounding the clot?

Answer 36

PGI2

Question 37

what are the 3 results of the complement system?

Answer 37

1. opsonization 2. MAC attack 3. causes inflammation

Question 38

what stimulates zinc and iron binding?

Answer 38

mild-moderate fever

Question 39

what is the role of TLR?

Answer 39

mediate innate immunity when activated