Functional localization

Question 1

what are the 4 clinical levels and what do they contain

Answer 1

1. supratentorial - hemispheres and CN 1 and 2
2. infratentorial - midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum CN 3-12
3. spinal level - cord
4. peripheral - cranial, autonomic and spinal nerves, including dorsal and ventral roots

Question 2

what are segmental functions

Answer 2

neurons entering or leaving CNS and connecting to peripheral target - lesion interuppts flow into or out of CNS

Question 3

what are long. functions

Answer 3

tracts passing through a level - lesion may affect up or below that area

Question 4

what are segmental funct. of supratentorial levels (6)

Answer 4

1. vision
2. smell
3. language
4. memory
5. cognition
6. autonomic integration via pit.

Question 5

what are long funct. of supratentorial (2)

Answer 5

1. sense and motor to contralateral side of body and face

2. autonomic functions via hypothalamic pathways

Question 6

what are segmental Sx of supratentorial lesions (6)

Answer 6

1. loss of higher Fx
2. headache
3. altered mental status
4. nausea/vomiting
5. papilledema
6. diploplia

Question 7

what are segmental Fx of infratentorial (5)

Answer 7

1. ipsi functions of CN 3-12
2. resp, cardio
3. muscle coordination (cerebellum)
4. postural control
5. consciousness and sleep

Question 8

what are long. Fx of infratentorial

Answer 8

1. sense and motor to contralateral BODY

2. sense and motor to ipsilateral FACE

Question 9

what are seg. Fx of spinal level

Answer 9

sense, motor, autonomic for that spinal segment

Question 10

what are 2 long Fx of spinal level

Answer 10

1. motor below that level

2. sensory to above that level

Question 11

what are segmental and long. symptoms of spinal level lesions

Answer 11

segmental: loss of sense to dermatome and motor to myotome

long. - loss of sense and motor below that level

Question 12

what are segmental functions of peripheral level

Answer 12

loss of function to that nerve only

Question 13

what are long. functions of peripheral level

Answer 13

none