Flashcards in AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY Deck (77)
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1
T1 - T12
L1 - L5
Sympathetic/Thoracolumbar
2
CN 3,7,9,10
S2-S4
Parasympathetic
(Craniosacral)
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SYMPATHETIC (SANS)
Preganglionic fibers originate from
Thoracic (T1 -T12) segments of the cord
Lumbar (L1 -L5) segments of the cord
4
PARASYMPATHETIC (PANS)
Preganglionic motor fibers originate from
Cranial nerve nuclei III, VII, IX and X
Sacral segments (S2-S4)
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Preganglionic fibers are short and the
postganglionic fibers are long
SYMPATHETIC
6
Few (prevertebral) on the anterior aspect of the
aorta
SYMPATHETIC
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Most of the ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral
chains that lie along the spinal cord
SYMPATHETIC
8
Most of the ganglia are located in the organs
innervated, most distant from the spinal cord
PARASYMPATHETIC
9
Preganglionic fibers are long and the
postganglionic fibers are short
PARASYMPATHETIC
10
NEUROTRANSMITTERS (NTAs)
4 FEATURES
1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Termination of action
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS
TERMINATION OF ACTION
By metabolism
-Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
-Cathecol-o-methly transferase (COMT)
Diffuse away from the synaptic cleft and get metabolized elsewhere
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A nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as
the primary transmitter
Also a synapse in which acetylcholine is the
primary transmitter
CHOLINERGIC
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A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as
the primary transmitter
Also a synapse in which norepinephrine is the
primary transmitter
ADRENERGIC
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All preganglionic fibers are
cholinergic
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All postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are
cholinergic
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A few postganglionic sympathetic fibers are
cholinergic
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Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are
adrenergic
18
Exception: Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
are
cholinergic
19
Adrenal cortex and medulla
Ductless gland that functions as a ganglion
Postganglionic fibers are cholinergic
ADRENAL GLAND
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Inhibits transport/synthesis of ACh into the cell
HEMICHOLINIUM
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Inhibits storage of ACh into the vesicle
VESAMICOL
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Inhibits the release of ACh
BOTULINUM TOXIN
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These drugs (Hemicholinium, vesamicol, botulinum toxin) are not very useful for systemic therapy
because their
effects are not sufficiently selective
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Inhibits the synthesis of NE
METYROSINE
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Inhibits the storage of NE
RESERPINE
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These drugs (METYROSINE, RESERPINE, GUANETHEDINE, MAO I) have been used in several diseases because
they block sympathetic but not parasympathetic functions
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Inhibits release of NE
GUANETHEDINE
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Inhibits metabolism of NE
MAO I
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Other transmitter molecules in addition to the
primary agents (ACh or NE)
Contained in many autonomic nerves
Localized in the same vesicle as the primary
transmitter or in a separate population of vesicles
Involved in the modulation of synaptic
transmission
COTRANSMITTERS
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