SI LEC - Antigens

Question 1

macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host.

Answer 1

IMMUNOGENS-

Question 2

substance that reacts with ab or sensitized T cells but may not be able to evoke an immune response

Answer 2

ANTIGENS-

Question 3

reasons why we respond to immunogens (3)

Answer 3

Nature of immunogen itself
Genetic coding of MHC molecules that must combine w/ an immunogen before T cells are able to respond
Immunogen processing and presentation

Question 4

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Answer 4

Age
Overall health
Dose
Route of inoculation
Genetic predisposition

Question 5

TRAITS OF IMMUNOGENS

Answer 5

The ability of immunogens to stimulate a host response depends on the ff:
Molecular size
Chemical composition and molecular complexity
Foreigness
Ability to be processed and presented with MHC molecules

Question 6

Immunogen must have a MW of at least

Answer 6

10,000 daltons.

Question 7

The greater the MW, the ___ the immunogenecity.

Answer 7

more potent

Question 8

MW of the best immunogens

Answer 8

Over 100 000 daltons

Question 9

are best immunogens based on complexity

Answer 9

Proteins and polysaccharides

Question 10

which is more immunogenic, CHON or CHO

Answer 10

CHONS

Question 11

EX of nonimmunogenic based on complexity (3)

Answer 11

synthetic polymers
pure nucleic acids
lipids

Question 12

usual form of CHO

Answer 12

CHO are usually in the form of glycoproteins (Rh and Lewis ags), glycolipids (ABH antigens)

Question 13

Ex of glycoproteins

Answer 13

Rh and Lewis Ags

Question 14

Ex of glycolipids

Answer 14

ABH Ag

Question 15

Pure nucleic acids and lipids must be attached first to a _____ to be immunogenic

Answer 15

carrier molecule

Question 16

are used for artificial heart valves, elbow replacement, and other medical appliances.

Answer 16

Synthetic polymers

Question 17

_______ better immunogen for an animal than is material for from a related animal.

Answer 17

Plant proteins

Question 18

Any lymphocyte that will ______ will be normally deleted,

Answer 18

react to self Ags

Question 19

All ____ are considered immunogenic

Answer 19

non self

Question 20

how are Ags processed

Answer 20

enzymatic digestion

Question 21

Types of epitope

Answer 21

repeating copies or differing specificities
linear/sequential
conformational

Question 22

Molecular shapes or configurations that are recognized by B or T cells

Answer 22

EPITOPE

Question 23

Small part of an immunogen that is actually recognized in the immune response

Answer 23

EPITOPE

Question 24

w/ epitope of 6-15 aa

Answer 24

PROTEINS

Question 25

PROTEINS : w/ epitope of how many aa

Answer 25

6-15

Question 26

recognized both linear and conformational epitopes present on the surface of an immunogen.

Answer 26

B cells

Question 27

recognized epitope only as a part of the complex formed with MHC on the surface of antigen-presenting cells

Answer 27

T cells

Question 28

B cells recognized both ___ (what epitope types) present on the surface of an immunogen.

Answer 28

linear and conformational epitopes

Question 29

T cells recognized epitope only as ______ on the surface of antigen-presenting cells

Answer 29

a part of the complex formed with MHC

Question 30

Non immunogenic small substances that need to be complexed to larger molecules to be able to stimulate immune response

Answer 30

HAPTENS

Question 31

Hapten is able to react to abs, even w/o a carrier molecule. | TRUE or FALSE

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Has a single determinant and cannot form cross-links w/ more than one antibody molecule that are necessary for precipitation or agglutination.

Answer 32

HAPTENS

Question 33

Why haptens cannot form crosslinks

Answer 33

Has a single determinant

Question 34

type of antigen | belong to the host, no immune response

Answer 34

Autoantigens

Question 35

type of antigen from other members of the host’s species, eg blood ags, ags in tx transplantation, can stimulate immune response

Answer 35

Alloantigens

Question 36

type of antigen from other species eg plant ag, animal ags, microbial ags

Answer 36

heteroantigens

Question 37

type of antigen heteroags that exist in unrelated plants or animals but are either identical or closely-related in structure so that ab to one can cross react w/ ag of the other.

Answer 37

heterophile Ag

Question 38

types of antigen

Answer 38

autoAg alloAg heteroAg heterophile Ag

Question 39

Substance administered w/ an immunogen that increases the immune response

Answer 39

adjuvant

Question 40

Acts by producing a local inflammatory response that attracts a large no. of immune cells to the injection site.

Answer 40

adjuvant

Question 41

Acts by prolonging the existence of immunogens in the area, increasing the effective size of the immunogen, and increasing the no. of macrophages involved in Ag processing

Answer 41

adjuvant

Question 42

Freunds’ Complete Adjuvants consists of (3)

Answer 42

mineral oil, emulsifier, and killed mycobacteria (0.5 mg/mL)

Question 43

are the only approved adjuvant for clinical use in US.

Answer 43

Aluminum salts

Question 44

disadv of Freunds Complete Adjuvants

Answer 44

Freunds’ CA: produces granuloma, or large tissue scars

Question 45

adjuvant not used in humans, for research only

Answer 45

Freunds Complete Adjuvant

Question 46

Aluminum salt: is incorporated in ___ vaccines

Answer 46

Hepa B