CC LEC 2 - Enzymes II

Question 1

 128,000 Daltons
 Interconversion of lactic acid and
pyruvic acid

Answer 1

LD - Lactate Dehydrogenase

Question 2

Atypical LD

LD-6: ??

Answer 2

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 3

Atypical LD
Migrates cathodal to LD-5
 Present in patients with
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular failure
 Grave prognosis, signifies impending
death

Answer 3

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 4

Atypical LD

LD complexed with IgA or IgG, migrates between LD-3 and LD-4

Answer 4

Macro-LD:

Question 5

– to measure LD-1(HHHH) because H-units have great affinity

Answer 5

*a-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity

Question 6

Methods for LD
forward reaction
- mixture of phenazine methosulfate
and nitroblue
- tetrazolium reacts with NADH
producing blue purple color
- pH8.3–8.9

Answer 6

1. Wacker method

Question 7

Methods for LD
 – reverse
reaction
- NADH is cosubstrate, consumed
during reaction

• pH7.1–7.6

Answer 7

Wroblewski La Due method

Question 8

Methods for LD
- 3 times faster, smaller sample, shorter
reaction time
- Susceptible to substrate exhaustion
and loss of linearity

Answer 8

Wroblewski La Due method

Question 9

 Transfer of amino group between aspartic acid and a-ketoacids

Answer 9

Aspartate Aminotransferase

Question 10

ast coenz

Answer 10

Pyridoxal phosphate is coenzyme

Question 11

ast isoenz

predominant form in serum

Answer 11

Cytoplasmic Isoenzyme –

Question 12

ast isoenz

increased during cell necrosis

Answer 12

Mitochondrial Isoenzyme

Question 13

AST Method
 – coupled enzymatic reaction
- Malate dehydrogenase is indicator enzyme
- Decrease in absorbance at 340nm
- Optimal pH 7.3-7.8

Answer 13

Karmen method

Question 14

AST Method
– ketoacids react with 2,4 – DNPH to form ketoacid hydrazines
- Product is intense brown color measured at 505nm

Answer 14

Reitman-Frankel Method

Question 15

• Catalyzes transfer of amino groups from alanine to a-ketoglutarate

Answer 15

Alanine Aminotransferase

Question 16

Liver specific enzyme

Answer 16

Alanine Aminotransferase

Question 17

Not elevated in heart disease unless accompanied with liver disease

Answer 17

Alanine Aminotransferase

Question 18

Tends to be higher and lasts longer than AST in acute inflammatory conditions of the liver

Answer 18

Alanine Aminotransferase

Question 19

Requires Mg2+ and Mn2+ as activators

Answer 19

Alkaline Phosphatase

Question 20

class 3 enz

Answer 20

ALP

Question 21

Hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters; making it nonspecific in alk

Answer 21

ALP

Question 22

ALP isoenz Increased in B and O secretors

Answer 22

Intestinal ALP

Question 23

Abnormal ALP isoenz

Answer 23

Regan

Nagao

Question 24

Abnormal ALP
Variant of Regan
- Detected in metastatic carcinoma of pleural surfaces and in adenocarcinoma of pancreas and bile duct

Answer 24

nagao

Question 25

Abnormal ALP Highest in ovarian and gynecologic cancers - Used for monitoring treatment because it disappears upon successful therapy

Answer 25

regan

Question 26

ALP ISOENZ (3) are most heat stable and resist denaturation at 65C for 30 minutes

Answer 26

Placental, Regan, and Nagao

Question 27

``` inhibits intestinal (75%) and placental (80%) ALP ISOENZ ```

Answer 27

Phenylalanine

Question 28

Nagao is also inhibited by __

Answer 28

L-leucine

Question 29

``` inactivates bone(90%0 more than liver(60%) ALP ```

Answer 29

Urea(2M)

Question 30

Hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters at acidic pH (5.0)

Answer 30

ACP

Question 31

inhibits prostatic ACP

Answer 31

Tartrate

Question 32

inhibits non-prostatic ACP

Answer 32

Copper

Question 33

__ fastest towards anode; __closer to the cathode

Answer 33

pACP fastest towards anode; eACP closer to the cathode

Question 34

Prostatic cancer stage Small islands of cancer cells in prostate Normal Population

Answer 34

1

Question 35

Prostatic cancer stage Presence of small nodules in prostate 70-90% live for 5 years

Answer 35

2

Question 36

Prostatic cancer stage Presence of nodes in the prostate and spread around the pelvic area 40-70% live for 5 years

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Prostatic cancer stage Nodules inside and outside prostate, metastasizing in bones and presence of lymph nodes 15-20% live for 5 years

Answer 37

4

Question 38

First seen in alcohol intake

Answer 38

GGT

Question 39

Transfers gamma glutamyl from gamma glutamyl peptides to Amino Acids, H2O, and other small peptides

Answer 39

GGT

Question 40

serves as the gamma glutamyl donor in most biological systems

Answer 40

Glutathione

Question 41

is present in large extent in smooth ER and is subjected to hepatic microsomal induction

Answer 41

GGT

Question 42

Used as a differentiating source of ALP elevation

Answer 42

GGT

Question 43

Mtd of meas for GGT

Answer 43

Szasz

Question 44

MW of amylase

Answer 44

50 000 - 55 000 daltons

Question 45

Breakdown of starch & glycogen with the products

Answer 45

AMS

Question 46

Requires calcium & chloride ions for | activation

Answer 46

AMS

Question 47

Tx sources of AMS

Answer 47

Acinar cells of pancreas | Salivary glands

Question 48

long, unbranched chain of glucose molecules, linked by α, 1-4 glycosidic bonds 

Answer 48

Amylose

Question 49

branched chain polysaccharide with α, 1-6 linkages at the branched points

Answer 49

Amylopectin

Question 50

similar to amylopectin but more highly branched

Answer 50

Glycogen

Question 51

ISOENZ of AMS - From pancreatic tissue -

Answer 51

P-type (P1, P2, P3)

Question 52

ISOENZ of AMS | Predominates in urine

Answer 52

P-type (P1, P2, P3)

Question 53

ISOENZ of AMS markedly elevated in acute pancreatitis & renal failure

Answer 53

P3

Question 54

ISOENZ of AMS From salivary gland tissues, fallopian tubes, lungs

Answer 54

S-type (S1, S2, S3)

Question 55

ISOENZ of AMS | Inhibited by wheat germ lectin

Answer 55

S-type (S1, S2, S3)

Question 56

ISOENZ of AMS | Migrates faster than P-type

Answer 56

S-type (S1, S2, S3)

Question 57

ISOENZ of AMS Predominates in serum (2/3 of AMS activity in serum)

Answer 57

S-type (S1, S2, S3)

Question 58

Most commonly observed AMS ISOENZ fractions

Answer 58

P2, S1, S2

Question 59

AMS Method Measures the disappearance in initial dark blue color of starch-iodine complex - Fast disappearance = high AMS activity

Answer 59

Amyloclastic/Iodometric Method

Question 60

AMS Method Reduction test, reference method - Starch substrate hydrolyzed by AMS to its constituent carbohydrate molecule that has reducing properties like sugars - Amount of reducing sugar = AMS activity

Answer 60

Saccharogenic Method

Question 61

AMS Method Employs a starch substrate with a chromogenic dye that forms an insoluble dye-substrate complex - With AMS, a smaller soluble fragment of the dye-substrate is formed - ↑ color intensity of soluble dye- substrate complex = ↑ AMS activity

Answer 61

Chromolytic/Chromogen Labelled Substrate Method (Colorimetric)

Question 62

AMS Method - Replaced the previous methods in the lab - Measures the change in absorbance of NAD+ at 340 nm at pH 6.9 - Substrate: maltotetrase/maltopentoase

Answer 62

Coupled Enzyme Reaction/Continuous Monitoring Method

Question 63

of mg glucose in 30 minutes at 37°C at specific assay conditions

Answer 63

Somogyi units: