Flashcards in GPHT LAB - Clearing Deck (71):
1
in dealcoholization, tissue section is immersed in __
ante-medium
2
raises the refractive index of the tissue
ante-medium
3
clearing agents must be miscible with both __
alcohol and paraffin wax
4
does not cause to much brittleness
benzene
5
best routine clearing agent
benzene
6
can cause aplastic anemia
benzene
7
used for large, thick, hard tissues
chloroform
8
slow acting
toxic to liver
does not make tissues translucent
tissues tend to float
chloroform
9
used for cleaning knives
xylene
10
diluent in mounting medium
xylene
11
most common clearing agent
xylene
12
for tissues less than 5 mm
xylene
13
useful for paraffin embedding
xylene
14
becomes milky/turbid if water is still present (incomplete dehydration)
xylene
15
overclearing causes tissue to become
hard and brittle
16
sub for xylene
toluene
17
subs for xylene/benzene
toluene
18
for CNS, skin, smooth muscle, cytological work
cedar oil/cedar wood oil
19
can leave tissue for a very long time w/o dehydration
cedar oil/cedar wood oil
20
penetrates well = best clearing agent
cedar oil/cedar wood oil
21
expensive and turbid
cedar oil/cedar wood oil
22
SLOW
Makes tissue brittle
can be faked
clove oil
23
prevents clove oil from becoming brittle
oil of bergamot
24
does not extract aniline dyes
oil of bergamot
25
can be used with celloidin prep
oil of bergamot
26
spanish hop oil or thyme oil or mix
oil of origanum
27
dissolves out aniline dyes
oil of origanum
28
does not dissolve celloidin
oil of origanum
29
other names of oil of wintergreen
methyl salicylate, artificial oil
30
for delicate tissues bc hardening effect of alcohol can be avoided
oil of wintergreen
31
clearing time is indefinite
cedar oil/cedar wood oil
oil of wintergreen
32
must be soaked out by __ when oil of wintergreen is used for celloidin sections
chloroform/xylene
33
poor dehydrant, split by small amts of water
oil of wintergreen
34
oxidizes easily on standing
oil of wintergreen
35
must be soaked out by xylene or chloroform when used for celloidin sections
oil of wintergreen
36
for smooth muscles (2)
carbon disulfide
phenol
37
very inflammable with foul odor
carbon disulfide
38
subs of chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
39
adv of carbon tetrachloride
cheaper
40
for friable tissues
carbol-xylene
41
made by adding anhydrous crystals of phenol to xylene until no more dissolves
carbol-xylene
42
for moist and humid climates
carbol-xylene
43
corrosive
carbol-xylene
44
for cellular organs, friable tissues, skin, athermatous arteries, hard collagenous specimens
tetrahydrofuran
45
how many baths for THF
3
46
3 baths required
THF
47
colorless agents
xylene
THF
48
BP of THF
65C
49
FP of THF
-108.5C
50
Density of THF
0.8894
51
Wide-range solvent
Soluble in most solvents
THF
52
THF Forms __ with water
azeotrope
53
forms azeotrope with water
THF
54
Constant bp mixture (64C) consisting of 9% THF and 6% water
azeotrope
55
melted paraffin wax mixes with __ in all proportions
THF
56
superior to ordinary dehydrating agent
THF
57
shortens total prcessing time
THF
58
fumes may cause conjunctival irritation after about 6 mos
with offensive odor
THF
59
recommended for the eyes
terpineol
60
excellent clearing agent
High Test Aviation Lead-Free Gasoline
61
for double embedding techniques
methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate
62
cause the least hardening of tissues (3)
cedar oil, gasoline, petroleum ether
62
Suitable for large tissue specimens, tough tissues (e.g. Skin, fibroid, decalcified tissues), nervous tissues, lymph nodes, embryos
Chloroform
63
Does not extract aniline dyes
Can be used with celloidin
Oil of Bergamot
64
Dissolves aniline
Does not dissolve celloidin
Oil of Origanum
65
Possible Components of Oil of Origanum (3)
Spanish Hop Oil
Thyme Oil
Turpentine
66
How to make carbol-xylene
Add anhydrous crystals of phenol to xylene until no more dissolves
67
Composition of azeotrope
9% THF
6% water
68
THF may cause conjunctival irritation after how many months
6
69
Clears from 95% alcohol
Terpineol
70