HEMA LEC - Erythrocytic Morphology and Assoc Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in HEMA LEC - Erythrocytic Morphology and Assoc Disease Deck (47)
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1
Q

are normal erythrocytes that are approximately the same size as the nucleus of a small lymphocytes.

A

Normocytes (discocytes)

2
Q

a. RBCs greater than 8um in diameter;

A
  1. Macrocytes
3
Q

MCV greater than 100 fL

A
  1. Macrocytes
4
Q

Seen in megaloblastic anemias, such as B12/folate deficiency

A
  1. Macrocytes
5
Q

Seen in non-megaloblastic anemia of liver disease or accelerated erythropoiesis; also seen in normal newborns

A
  1. Macrocytes
6
Q

a. RBCs less than 6um in diameter;

A

Microcytes

7
Q

MCV less than 80 fL

A

Microcytes

8
Q

Seen in iron-deficiency anemia, thalassemias, sideroblastics anemia, and anemia of chronic disease

A

Microcytes

9
Q

a. Variation in RBC size, indicating a heterogeneous RBC population (dimorphism)

A

anisocytosis

10
Q

heterogeneous RBC population (dimorphism)

A

(dimorphism)

11
Q

b. Correlates with RDW (red blood cell distribution width), especially when the RDW exceeds 15.0%

A

anisocytosis

12
Q

c. Seen post-transfusion, post-treatment for a deficiency (e.g., iron), presence of two concurrent deficiencies (e.g., iron and vitamin B12), and idiopathic sideroblastic anemia

A

anisocytosis

13
Q

a. General term to describe variation in shape

b. Associated with a variety of pathologic conditions

A
  1. Poikilocytosis
14
Q

include crenated, and burr cells (sea urchin cells)

A

Echinocytes

15
Q

Have evenly spaced round projections; central pallor area present

A

Echinocytes

16
Q

Seen in liver disease, uremia, heparin therapy, pyruvate kinase deficiency, anemia associated with renal insufficiency (burr cells) or as artifact in improper air drying

A

Echinocytes

17
Q

Caused by changes in osmotic pressure due to depletion of ATP which supports the cation pump, exposure to hypertonic solution

A

Echinocytes

18
Q

Have unevenly space pointed projection; lack a central pallor area

A

Acanthocytes (spur cells/thorn cells)

19
Q

Associated with alcoholic liver disease, post-splenectomy, and abetalipoproteinemia, malabsoprtion states, hepatitis of the newborn, severe haemolytic anemia associated with cirrhosis and in metastatic liver disease

A

Acanthocytes (spur cells/thorn cells)

20
Q

Caused by excessive cholesterol in the membrane

A

Acanthocytes (spur cells/thorn cells)

21
Q

a. Show a central area of hemoglobin surrounded by a colorless ring and a peripheral ring of hemoglobin; cells have an increased surface-to-volume ratio

A

Target cells (codocytes or Mexican hat cells)

22
Q

Seen in liver disease, hemoglobinopathies SS SC CC DD EE, thalassemia, iron-deficiency anemia, obstructive liver disease, postsplenectomy states

A

Target cells (codocytes or Mexican hat cells)

23
Q

Caused by excessive cholesterol in the membrane or a hemoglobin distribution imbalance

A

Target cells (codocytes or Mexican hat cells)

24
Q

thinner variant of codocytes

A

Leptocyte

25
Q

Disk-shaped cell with a smaller volume than a normal erythrocytes; cells have decreased surface-to-volume ratio
Lack a central pallor area
c. Associated with defects of the red cell membrane proteins

A

Spherocytes (ball shaped cells)

26
Q

MCHC may be >37%; increased osmotic fragility

A

Spherocytes (ball shaped cells)

27
Q

Damaged RBC; seen in hereditary spherocytosis (HS), G6PD deficiency, and isoimmune and autoimmune hemolytic anemias, blood banked stored blood for a long time

A

Spherocytes (ball shaped cells)

28
Q

are frequently seen in severe thermal injury (burns).

A

Microspherocytes (

29
Q

After splenectomy in a patient with HS, spherocytes ____ indicating that the abnormality involves the red blood cell membrane itself rather than splenic damage to the cells.

A

persist

30
Q

a. Pear-Shaped cell with one blunt projection

b. Seen in megaloblastic anemias, thalassemia, and extramedullary hematopoiesis (myelofibrosis, myelophthisic anemia)

A

Teardrops (dacryocytes)

31
Q

a. Shapes vary but show thin, elongated, pointed ends and will appear crescent shaped; usually lack a central pallor area; described as having a holly leaf appearance

A

Sickle cells (drepanocytes)

32
Q

Contain polymers of abnormal hemoglobin S

A

Sickle cells (drepanocytes)

33
Q

Seen in hemoglobinopathies SS, SC, SD, and S/B-thalassemia

A

Sickle cells (drepanocytes)

34
Q

Cell Shape is caused by cell membrane alterations due to an amino acid substitution

A

Sickle cells (drepanocytes)

35
Q

a. Interior portion of cell is hollow, resembling a horn or helmet
c. Seen in microangiopathic hemolytic anemias

A

Helmet cells (horn cells or keratocytes)

36
Q

b. Basically a schistocyte with a hornlike projections (Gr. Keras: horn)

A

Helmet cells (horn cells or keratocytes)

37
Q

a. Damaged RBC; fragment of various sizes and shapes are present, often with pointed projection

A

Schistocytes/schizocyte (RBC fragments)

38
Q

Seen in microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (e.g., DIC, HUS, TTP), thermal injury, renual transplant rejection, and G6PD deficiency

A

Schistocytes/schizocyte (RBC fragments)

39
Q

a. Characterized by an elongated or slit-like area of central pallor

A

Stomatocytes (mouth cells)

40
Q

Caused by osmotic changes due to cation imbalance (Na+/K+)

A

Stomatocytes (mouth cells)

41
Q

Seen in obstructive liver disease, Alcoholism, cirrohosis, hereditary stomatocytosis, RH NULL DISEASE, or as artifact

A

Stomatocytes (mouth cells)

42
Q

a. Cigar- to – egg-shaped erythrocytes

A

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

43
Q

Seen in hereditary elliptocytosis, iron-deficiency anemia (pencil forms), megaloblastic anemia (macro-ovalocytes), thalassemia major

A

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

44
Q

Associated with defects of the red cells membrane proteins specifically in membrane protein 4.1

A

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

45
Q

– a transitional variant of Hereditary elliptocytosis.

A

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

46
Q

has the same appearance as elliptocytes and usually occur at the first 6 months of life.

A

Pyropoikilocytes

47
Q

To differentiate from normal red blood cells, it usually lyses at 45-460C while normal red blood cells lyses at 490C

A

Pyropoikilocytes

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