Flashcards in PHARMACO - Macrolides Deck (93)
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1
Large cyclic lactone ring structure with attached sugars
Erythromycin , azithromycin, and clarithromycin
2
Good oral bioavailability
Erythromycin , azithromycin, and clarithromycin
3
oral bioavailability of Erythromycin , azithromycin, and clarithromycin
good
4
tissue distribution of Erythromycin , azithromycin, and clarithromycin
wide: Distributed to most body tissues
5
macrolide whose Absorption is impeded by food
azithromycin
6
macrolide which is Eliminated slowly in the urine mainly as unchanged drug
azithromycin
7
half-life of azithromycin
2-4 days
8
macrolide whose levels in tissues and phagocytes are higher than in plasma
azithromycin
9
macrolideS whose Elimination of intact drug is rapid
Erythromycin and clarithromycin
10
mode of excretion of Erythromycin
biliary excretion
11
mode of excretion of Hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion
Clarithromycin
12
half-life of Clarithromycin
2-5 hours
13
half-life of Erythromycin
2-5 hours
14
macrolide used against chlamydia
erythromycn
15
Preparations erythromycin
Erythromycin stearate
Erythromycin lactobionate
Erythromycin estolate
16
-Best absorbed oral preparation of erythromycin
Erythromycin estolate
17
spectra of activity of azithromycin and clarithromycin
same with erythro but with GREATER activity
18
Mode of resistance of macrolides in gram +
Efflux pump mechanisms
Production of methylase that adds methyl group to the ribosomal binding site
19
Mode of resistance of macrolides to enterobacteriaceae
Formation of drug-metabolizing esterases
20
Cross-resistance between individual macrolides is complete incomplete partial?
complete
21
if a microorganism is resistant to erythromycin, will it also be resistant to clarithromycin or azithromycin
yes because cross-resistance between individual macrolides is complete
22
cross-resistance with other drugs that bind to the same site occur in methylase-producing strains especially Clindamycin and streptogramins, complete incomplete partial?
PARTIAL
23
enzyme found in the liver
needed to metabolize other drugs
cytochrome P450
24
capable of inhibiting cytochrome P450
erythromycin
and clarithyromycin
25
antibiotic not capable of inhibiting cytochrome P450
azithromycin
26
is erytho still commonly used?
not anymore because of azithro and clarithro
27
antibiotic that promotes the effect of other drug because it inhibits Cyt P450
erythromycin
and clarithyromycin
28
drug against
Gram (+) cocci like pneumococci (not penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae [PRSP])
Beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci (not Methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] strains)
erythromycin
29
drug of choice for the Prophylaxis against and treatment of M. avium complex
clarithromycin
30
