Flashcards in heart practical Deck (86):
1
blunt rounded point of heart
apex
2
larger flat part
base
3
located in
thoracic cavity
4
formed by the pericardium
pericardial caivty
5
anchors heart within mediastinum
pericardial cavity
6
2 layers of pericardium
fibrous and serous
7
tissue that surrounds the heart
pericardium
8
tough fibrous outer layer of CT
layer of pericardium
fibrous
9
inner layer of epithelial cells
layer of pericardium
serous
10
portion of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium –
11
portion covering the heart
Visceral pericardium or Epicardium –
12
– produced by serous pericardium
-helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium
pericardial fluid
13
separates atria from ventricles
Coronary sulcus –
14
grooves which indicate the division between right and left ventricles
Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus –
15
Veins carrying blood to the heart
superior and inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
16
Arteries carrying blood away from the heart
aorta and pulmonary trunj
17
-receive blood from veins
-primarily function as reservoirs
-contraction of the__ forces blood into the ventricles
atria
18
Right atrium receives blood through 3 major openings:
SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus
19
Left atrium receives blood through
pulmonary veins
20
partition separating the two atria
Interatrial septum –
21
– pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
22
pumps blood into aorta
left ventricle
23
- partition separating the two ventricles
Interventricular septum
24
between right atrium and right ventricle and between left atrium and left ventricle
-allow blood to flow from the atria
Atrioventricular valves –
25
cone-shaped, muscular pillars in each ventricle
Papillary muscles –
26
– three, pocketlike semilunar cusps
-possessed by aorta and pulmonary trunk
semilunar valves
27
– plate of CT
-consists of fibrous rings that surround the AV and semilunar valves
cardiac skeleton
28
– supply blood to the wall of the heart
-originate from the base of the aorta
coronary arteries
29
3 Major Branches of left coronary artery
1. Anterior interventricular artery
2. Circumflex artery
3. Left marginal artery
30
Major Branches of right coronary artery
1. Posterior interventricular artery
2. Right marginal artery
31
– large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the posterior aspect of the heart
coronary sinus
32
heart wall layer
– thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of heart
-simple squamous epithelium over a loose CT and adipose tissue
epicardium
33
heart wall layer
– thick, middle layer
-composed of cardiac muscle cells
-responsible for contraction of heart chambers
myocardium
34
– smooth inner surface
-simple squamous epithelium over CT
-allows blood to move easily through the heart
-forms the heart valves
endocardium
35
– ridges and columns of cardiac muscle that modify surface of the interior walls of ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
36
fraction of the heart pointing to the left
2/3
37
thickest layer of heart wa,ll
myocardium
38
heart wall layer for blood clotting
endocardium
39
backflow
regurgitation
40
alternate constriction and dilatation of artery
pulse
41
pulse is readily palpable at
radial artery
42
pulse rate is reported as
number of beats per minute
43
first heart sound
lubb
44
2nd heart sound
dupp
45
heart valves involved in 1st HS
AV Valve
46
heart valves involved in 2nd HS
SL valves
47
abnormal rapid resting heartbeat
over 100beats per minute
tachycardia
48
abnormal rapid resting heartbeat
under 50 beats per minute
bradycardia
49
volume of S1
louder
50
volume of S2
softer
51
pitch of S1
Lower
52
pitch of S2
Higher
53
duration of S1
shorter
54
duration of S2
faster (?)
55
length of one cardiac cycle
60 sec divided by number of beats per minute
56
consists of events that occur from the start of one period of systole to the beginning of the next period of systole
cardiac cycle
57
pulse is commonly detected in the
radial and carotid arteries
58
peak pressure obtained during each cardiac cycle
systolic pressure
59
measure of the force of myocardial contraction
systolic pressure
60
lowest pressure reached just before the next beat
diastolic pressure
61
measure of peripheral resistance + elastic recoil of blood vessels
diastolic pressure
62
measuring arterial blood pressure inhumans with the use of sphygmomanometer
sphygomamonmetry
63
grade of 0-10 petechiae
1+
64
grade of 11-20 petechiae
2+
65
GRADE OF 21-50 petechiae
3+
66
51 and above
4+
67
measures ability of capillary walls to resist pressure
capillary resistance test
68
method used in capillary resistance test
tourniquet test
rumpel-leede test
hess test
69
normal bp by which the capillaries will resist
100 mmHG
70
a condition in which capillaries rupture at 100mmHg
thrombocytopenic purpura
71
tiny spots appearing due to purpura
petechiae or hemorrhages
72
excess flow of blood in a certain area of the body
hyperemia or congestion
73
type of hyperemia due to increased blood flow to a specific area or due to dilatation of blood vessels
active hyperemia
74
slowing down of venous return
passive hyperemia
75
size of finger during active hyperemia
bigger
76
size of finger during passive hyperemia
smaller
77
temp felt during active H
hotter
78
TEMP felt during passive H
colder
79
sensation felt in active and passive H
numbness
79
Myocardial ridges that give honey combed appearance to the anterior wall of right atrium
Musculi pectinati
80
Separates right and left atria
Interatrial septum
81
Hole in the interatrial septum of a fetal heart
Foramen ovale
82
A connective tissue membrane formed when the foramen ovale closes
Fossa ovalis
83
Muscle ridges in the right and left ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
84
Type of serous pericardium that covers cavity
Parietal
85