PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION PART 1

Question 1

Covers and protects the plant body

Answer 1

Dermal tissue system

Question 2

Makes up the bulk of the plant body; functions include photosynthesis and food storage

Answer 2

Ground tissue system

Question 3

Distributes water and nutrients to a plant body

Answer 3

Vascular tissue system

Question 4

• analogous to our skin

- protection

Answer 4

Dermal T.S.

Question 5

• circulatory system

- conduct water, minerals and food

Answer 5

Vascular T.S.

Question 6

• support tissue

Answer 6

Ground T.S.

Question 7

Cells are pliable, thin walled, many sided

Cells remain alive at maturity

Answer 7

Parenchyma

Question 8

Cells are elongated
walls (especially the corners) thickened with cellulose
make stems strong but pliable
cells are alive at maturity

Answer 8

Collenchyma

Question 9

Cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity

Answer 9

Sclerenchyma

Question 10

Two types of sclerenchyma

Answer 10

Two types:
Fibers: Long, tapered cells
Sclereids: Stubbier cell

Question 11

Distributes water and dissolved mineral ions through tubes consisting of interconnected, perforated walls of tracheids and vessel members (cells that are dead at maturity)

Answer 11

xylem

Question 12

Distributes sugars through a plant body; connect end-to-end at sieve plates, forming sieve tubes
Parenchyma cells (companion cells) load sugars into sieve tubes

Answer 12

phloem

Question 13

• water conducting cells
• long and tapering
• secondary walls contain pits

Answer 13

tracheids

Question 14

- transport water and 
       minerals more rapidly 
    - wider, shorter and less
       tapered 
    - carry much water and
      minerals 
    - contain perforation plates 
            a. Allow water to flow 
            b. Support  pits 
         – allow lateral flow of water from vessel to vessel

Answer 14

vessel members

Question 15

Outer tissue layer, usually a single layer of cells
Secretes a waxy cuticle that protects the plant and conserves water
Includes specialized cells, such as pairs on leaves that form stomata and trichomes

Answer 15

epidermis

Question 16

specialized dermal cells

Answer 16

trichomes and stomata

Question 17

specialized dermal cells
hair like extensions of the epidermis
protection
prevent excessive loss of water

Answer 17

trichomes

Question 18

specialized dermal cells
pore/opening present 
close to prevent 
      water loss 
Guard cells

Answer 18

stomata

Question 19

fundamental tissue system
consists of all the tissues other than the
vascular tissue and dermal tissue

Answer 19

ground tissue

Question 20

3 types of cells in ground tissue

Answer 20

a. parenchyma – predominates
b. collenchyma
c. sclerenchyma

Question 21

Seed leaf; contains food for the plant embryo

Answer 21

cotyledon

Question 22

Multistranded, sheathed cords of primary xylem and phloem that thread lengthwise through the ground tissue system of stems, leaves, and roots

Answer 22

vascular bundle

Question 23

sugar factories with many photosynthetic cells

Answer 23

leaves

Question 24

One of a pair of cells that define a stoma across the lower epidermis of a leaf

Answer 24

guard cell

Question 25

Zone of undifferentiated cells that divide rapidly

Answer 25

meristem

Question 26

Growth from apical meristems in root and shoot tips; terminal buds at shoot tips are the main zone of primary growth

Answer 26

primary growth

Question 27

In shoot and root tips, mass of undifferentiated cells just beneath a terminal bud’s surface, the division of which lengthens plant parts

Answer 27

apical meristem

Question 28

Cylindrical array of primary xylem and phloem in a root; sheathed by pericycle (parenchyma) that forms lateral roots

Answer 28

vascular cylinder

Question 29

``` w/ large main root (taproot) - develops from the radicle - produce branch roots (lateral roots) ex. dicots, gymnosperms ```

Answer 29

tap root system

Question 30

- epiphytes - absorb water from air ex. orchids

Answer 30

adventitious roots

Question 31

vertical and short underground stem

Answer 31

corm

Question 32

example of corm

Answer 32

gabi or taro

Question 33

coiling stem support

Answer 33

tendrils

Question 33

Forms protective covering on older stems and roots

Answer 33

Periderm