SI LEC - History

Question 1

when did immunology become an independent subject

Answer 1

1971, International Conference of

Immunology, in USA

Question 2

3 periods in the history of immunology

Answer 2

Experiential Immunology period
Experimental Immunology period
Modern Immunology period

Question 3

period of immunology

the 17th century- the middle of 19th century

Answer 3

experiential period

Question 4

is a disease that has a high mortality rate or a calamity with widespread and serious consequences for its victims

Answer 4

Plague

Question 5

who introduced variolation in england from turkey

Answer 5

Lady mary wortley montague

Question 6

process of inoculation of small pox to produce immunity

Answer 6

Variolation:

Question 7

who first introduced variolated

Answer 7

chinese medical practitioners

Question 8

He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 based on the practice of the chinese

Answer 8

edward jenner, english physician

Question 9

A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants, that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections.

Answer 9

Vaccine:

Question 10

A general term for immunization against infectious diseases, orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus.

Answer 10

Vaccination:

Question 11

: inorganic or organic chemicals, macromolecules or entire cells of certain killed bacteria, which enhance the immune response to an antigen

Answer 11

Adjuvants

Question 12

In ancient times,many serious infection diseases,such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc. caused innumerable people dead.
what period

Answer 12

experiential period

Question 13

molecular structure of 2 antigens are almost similar

one antigen will be able to react w/ the same antibody

Answer 13

cross-reactivity/cross reaction

Question 14

types of vaccines (8)

KATVECHS

Answer 14

killed, attenuated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, experimental, valence, heterotypic

Question 15

type of vaccine
vaccines that are pathogens of other animals that either do not cause disease or cause mild disease in the organism being treated

Answer 15

heterotypic/heterologous/jennerian

Question 16

type of vaccine

not the whole organism but jus the antigenic parts

Answer 16

subunit

Question 17

type of vaccine

weakened organism

Answer 17

attenuated aG

Question 18

type of vaccine

vaccine + another substance

Answer 18

conjugated

Question 19

what period

the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century

Answer 19

Experimental Immunology period

Question 20

1st to introduce active immunity

Answer 20

Robert Koch

Question 21

isolated and cultured bacteria successfully

Answer 21

Robert Koch

Question 22

according to him,
—-Infectious diseases were caused
by pathogens

Answer 22

Pasteur

Question 23

he produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine

(old culture of Chicken V.cholera)

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

what substance was used by Louis Pasteur to produced an anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine

Answer 24

old culture of Chicken V.cholera

Question 25

type of active immunity | Antigen was artificially made

Answer 25

artificial active immunity

Question 26

what kind of immunity was discovered by Pasteur

Answer 26

artificial active immunity

Question 27

The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen.

Answer 27

Active immunity:

Question 28

type of immunity that was discovered In the late eighties of 19th century

Answer 28

passive immunity

Question 29

who introduced passive immunity

Answer 29

roux and yersin

Question 30

---Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C.diphtheriae The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericidins

Answer 30

roux and yersin

Question 31

- ---diphtheriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria - --- Artificial passive immunity

Answer 31

Von Behring and Kitasato

Question 32

The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen.

Answer 32

Passive immunity:

Question 33

- ---Study on antigenic determinant (epitope) | - ---ABO blood type

Answer 33

Landsteiner

Question 34

----Ab is gamma globulin

Answer 34

Tiselius and Kabat

Question 35

----Molecular structure of Ab: | 4 peptides

Answer 35

Porter and Edelmen

Question 36

who found natural immune tolerance

Answer 36

Owen

Question 37

who set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period.

Answer 37

Medawar

Question 38

a single organism composed of genetically distinct cells. This can result in male and female organs, two different blood types

Answer 38

Chimera:

Question 39

a group cells that stem from identical

Answer 39

Clone:

Question 40

The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development--- is termed as??

Answer 40

clone deletion

Question 41

The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag (by Ag receptors ) can be selected and lead to activation, proliferation , produce Ab and specific memory cells---is termed as???

Answer 41

clone selection

Question 42

cell mediated immunity proponent

Answer 42

metchnikoff

Question 43

HMI proponent

Answer 43

ehrlich

Question 44

Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells ---- proponent

Answer 44

Wright & Dauglas

Question 45

person?----Anaphylaxis

Answer 45

Richet and Portier

Question 46

person?----Hypersensitivity In 1903,Arthus----Arthus phenomenon In 1907,Donath and Landsteiner ----Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease

Answer 46

Pirquet and Shick

Question 47

person?----Arthus phenomenon

Answer 47

arthus

Question 48

person | ----Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease

Answer 48

Donath and Landsteiner

Question 49

potentially life threatening, severe allergic reaction

Answer 49

Anaphylaxis:

Question 50

: form of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity resulting in erythema, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitized and for which it has specific IgG antibodies.

Answer 50

Arthus phenomenon

Question 51

what time period | the middle of 20th century-the 21th century

Answer 51

Modern Immunology period

Question 52

- ---Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab | - ---B cell

Answer 52

Glick Fabricius and Xianguang Zhang

Question 53

In 1961,??? - ---cell mediated immunity of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective - ---T cell

Answer 53

Good and Miller

Question 54

Study on monoclonal antibody

Answer 54

Kohler and Milstein

Question 55

introduced MHC

Answer 55

Jean Dauset

Question 55

Study on clinical immunology (4)

Answer 55

Organ transplantation Autoimmune diseases Tumor immunology Infectious diseases

Question 56

Study on applied immunology (4)

Answer 56

Preparation of monoclonal and genetic engineering antibody Preparation of recombinant cytokines Study on DNA vaccine Study on treatment with immune cells

Question 57

New techniques of modern immunology and application (4)

Answer 57

Separation of immune cells Protein analysis technique Phage display technique Preparation of new animal model