Flashcards in Bacte Lec Quiz 2 - Bacterial Cytology Deck (62):
1
describe the chromosome in DNA
single, circular, appear as diffuse, nucleiod or chromatin body
2
sac-like structure w/in cell membrane
mesosome
3
– found free in cytoplasm attached to cytoplasmic membrane
2. Bacterial ribosome
4
function of granules
food storage
5
component of granules (2)
polysaccharide like glycogen
lipids such as poly-β- hydroxybutyrate or polyphosphate
6
– special name of granules of Corynebacterium
*Babes Ernst bodies/ granules
7
- special name of granules of Mycobacterium
*Much granules
8
cytoplasmic cell structures (4)
DNA, bacterial ribosome, granules, endospores
9
– resistant, highly refractive bodies within cell
-unstained areas or stained with specific spore stains
-function: resistant/protective structure
Endospores
10
component of spores:
calcium dipicolinic acid
11
cell structure not destroyed by boiling
endospores
12
cell structure that will germinate into another bacterium under favourable conditions
endospores
13
function of endospores
ensure bacterial survival in harsh conditions
14
causative agent of anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
15
– spore in spore strip for sterilization using oven
*Bacillus subtilis var niger
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– spore spore in spore strip for sterilization using autoclave
*Bacillus stearothermophilus
17
components of cell membrane
phospholipids & proteins and NO STEROLS
18
function of cell membrane
regulates transport across membrane
acts as an osmotic barrier
enzyme regulation
19
functions of cell wall
maintains shape
prevents bursting of cell
20
components of cell wall
peptidoglycan
teichoic acids
lipids
21
type of teichoic acids that provide rigidity
lipoteichoic acids
22
components of Gram + cell wall
thick peptidoglycan
teichoic acids
23
components of Gram - cell wall
thin peptidoglycan
outer membrane
24
component of outer membrane
protein, lipid, LPS
25
Functions of Outer Membrane:
Barrier for hydrophobic compounds
Acts as sieve through pores
Attachment sites
26
type of cell wall
contain waxy layer and fatty acid (Mycolic acid – responsible for hard staining)
Acid Fast Cell wall
27
species which lack cell wall but they have sterols
-Gram staining & acid fast stain not useful
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma
28
surface polymers (3)
capsule, slime layers, glycocalyx
29
type of surface polymer discrete organized covering
-act as virulence factors - prevents phagocytosis
Capsule
30
components of capsule (2 poly)
polysaccharide, polypeptides
31
function of capsule
prevents or evades phagocytosis
32
ex of encapsulated bacteria:
Klebsiella pneumoniae or Diplococcus pneumoniae
33
-encapsulated organisms best viewed using ??? stain
negative stain
34
-more diffused surface polymer
Slime layers
35
function of slime layer
-inhibit phagocytosis
-aid in adhesion to host tissue
36
surface polymer: tangled mass of thin polysaccharide
Glycocalyx
37
function of glycocalyx
-aid in adhesion to host
38
cell appendages
flagella
pili (fimbriae)
39
component of flagella
protein
40
flagella is only found in
bacilli, NOT IN COCCI
41
term: no flagella
atrichous
42
term: one flagella
monotrichous
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term: flagella at one or both ends
amphitrichous
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term: multiple tufts at one end
lophotrichous
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term: occur on all sides of bacterium
peritrichous
46
flagella may contain ??? properties
antigenic
47
antigens mentioned (4)
V, K, H, O
48
antigen from cell wall
O antigen
49
somatic antigen
O antigen
50
Ag from flagella
H antigen
51
Ag from capsule
K antigen
52
cell appendages are made of
protein
53
cell appendage: hairlike protein structures,
Pili (fimbriae)
54
pili function
aid in attachment to surfaces
55
2 types of pili
sex pili
adherence or ordinary pili
56
function of sex pili
reproduction: bacterial conjugation and gene exchange, for reproduction
57
function of adherence or ordinary pili
allows bacteria to attach to specific eukaryotic host cells (for attachment)
58
organism with sex pili
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
59
stain used for Cryptococcus neoformans
Negative stain
60
stain that stains background, not bacteria
Negative stain
61
stains used in negative stain
nigrosin dye
india ink
62