Bacte Lec Quiz 2 - Bacterial Cytology

Question 1

describe the chromosome in DNA

Answer 1

single, circular, appear as diffuse, nucleiod or chromatin body

Question 2

sac-like structure w/in cell membrane

Answer 2

mesosome

Question 3

– found free in cytoplasm attached to cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 3

2. Bacterial ribosome

Question 4

function of granules

Answer 4

food storage

Question 5

component of granules (2)

Answer 5

polysaccharide like glycogen

lipids such as poly-β- hydroxybutyrate or polyphosphate

Question 6

– special name of granules of Corynebacterium

Answer 6

*Babes Ernst bodies/ granules

Question 7

• special name of granules of Mycobacterium

Answer 7

*Much granules

Question 8

cytoplasmic cell structures (4)

Answer 8

DNA, bacterial ribosome, granules, endospores

Question 9

– resistant, highly refractive bodies within cell

• unstained areas or stained with specific spore stains
• function: resistant/protective structure

Answer 9

Endospores

Question 10

component of spores:

Answer 10

calcium dipicolinic acid

Question 11

cell structure not destroyed by boiling

Answer 11

endospores

Question 12

cell structure that will germinate into another bacterium under favourable conditions

Answer 12

endospores

Question 13

function of endospores

Answer 13

ensure bacterial survival in harsh conditions

Question 14

causative agent of anthrax

Answer 14

Bacillus anthracis

Question 15

– spore in spore strip for sterilization using oven

Answer 15

*Bacillus subtilis var niger

Question 16

– spore spore in spore strip for sterilization using autoclave

Answer 16

*Bacillus stearothermophilus

Question 17

components of cell membrane

Answer 17

phospholipids & proteins and NO STEROLS

Question 18

function of cell membrane

Answer 18

regulates transport across membrane
acts as an osmotic barrier
enzyme regulation

Question 19

functions of cell wall

Answer 19

maintains shape

prevents bursting of cell

Question 20

components of cell wall

Answer 20

peptidoglycan
teichoic acids
lipids

Question 21

type of teichoic acids that provide rigidity

Answer 21

lipoteichoic acids

Question 22

components of Gram + cell wall

Answer 22

thick peptidoglycan

teichoic acids

Question 23

components of Gram - cell wall

Answer 23

thin peptidoglycan

outer membrane

Question 24

component of outer membrane

Answer 24

protein, lipid, LPS

Question 25

Functions of Outer Membrane:

Answer 25

 Barrier for hydrophobic compounds  Acts as sieve through pores  Attachment sites

Question 26

type of cell wall | contain waxy layer and fatty acid (Mycolic acid – responsible for hard staining)

Answer 26

Acid Fast Cell wall

Question 27

species which lack cell wall but they have sterols | -Gram staining & acid fast stain not useful

Answer 27

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma

Question 28

surface polymers (3)

Answer 28

capsule, slime layers, glycocalyx

Question 29

type of surface polymer discrete organized covering -act as virulence factors - prevents phagocytosis

Answer 29

Capsule

Question 30

components of capsule (2 poly)

Answer 30

polysaccharide, polypeptides

Question 31

function of capsule

Answer 31

prevents or evades phagocytosis

Question 32

ex of encapsulated bacteria:

Answer 32

Klebsiella pneumoniae or Diplococcus pneumoniae

Question 33

-encapsulated organisms best viewed using ??? stain

Answer 33

negative stain

Question 34

-more diffused surface polymer

Answer 34

Slime layers

Question 35

function of slime layer

Answer 35

- inhibit phagocytosis | - aid in adhesion to host tissue

Question 36

surface polymer: tangled mass of thin polysaccharide

Answer 36

Glycocalyx

Question 37

function of glycocalyx

Answer 37

-aid in adhesion to host

Question 38

cell appendages

Answer 38

flagella | pili (fimbriae)

Question 39

component of flagella

Answer 39

protein

Question 40

flagella is only found in

Answer 40

bacilli, NOT IN COCCI

Question 41

term: no flagella

Answer 41

atrichous

Question 42

term: one flagella

Answer 42

monotrichous

Question 43

term: flagella at one or both ends

Answer 43

amphitrichous

Question 44

term: multiple tufts at one end

Answer 44

lophotrichous

Question 45

term: occur on all sides of bacterium

Answer 45

peritrichous

Question 46

flagella may contain ??? properties

Answer 46

antigenic

Question 47

antigens mentioned (4)

Answer 47

V, K, H, O

Question 48

antigen from cell wall

Answer 48

O antigen

Question 49

somatic antigen

Answer 49

O antigen

Question 50

Ag from flagella

Answer 50

H antigen

Question 51

Ag from capsule

Answer 51

K antigen

Question 52

cell appendages are made of

Answer 52

protein

Question 53

cell appendage: hairlike protein structures,

Answer 53

Pili (fimbriae)

Question 54

pili function

Answer 54

aid in attachment to surfaces

Question 55

2 types of pili

Answer 55

sex pili | adherence or ordinary pili

Question 56

function of sex pili

Answer 56

reproduction: bacterial conjugation and gene exchange, for reproduction

Question 57

function of adherence or ordinary pili

Answer 57

allows bacteria to attach to specific eukaryotic host cells (for attachment)

Question 58

organism with sex pili

Answer 58

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 59

stain used for Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 59

Negative stain

Question 60

stain that stains background, not bacteria

Answer 60

Negative stain

Question 61

stains used in negative stain

Answer 61

nigrosin dye | india ink

Question 62

dye usually used for CSF to detect Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 62

India ink