CC Lab - Glossary of Terms

Question 1

closeness to true value

Answer 1

accuracy

Question 2

substance that can yield hydrogen or hydronium ion hen dissolved in water

Answer 2

acid

Question 3

energy required to raise all molecules in 1 mole of a cpd at a certain temp to the transition state at peak of energy barrier

Answer 3

activation energy

Question 4

substance that converts an inactive substance to active one

Answer 4

activator

Question 5

formed in vivo from breakdown of amino acids

Answer 5

ammonia

Question 6

lower limit of detection of given analyte

Answer 6

analytic sensitivity

Question 7

negatively charged ions

Answer 7

anions

Question 8

glycoprotein secreted by plasma cells, which in turn are under the control of many lymphocytes and their cytokines

Answer 8

antibody

Question 9

also known as immunoglobulins

Answer 9

antibody

Question 10

agent recognized as foreign by IS

Answer 10

antigen

Question 11

blood from arteries

Answer 11

arterial blood

Question 12

substance that inhibits bloodclotting action

Answer 12

anticoagulant

Question 13

substance that can yield hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

Answer 13

base

Question 14

standardization or determination of accuracy of instrument

Answer 14

calibration

Question 15

polyhydroxyl aldehydes or polyhydroxyl ketones

Answer 15

carbohydrates

Question 16

multimeric units of compounds with a general formula (CH2O)n

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

positively charged ions

Answer 17

cations

Question 18

organic enzyme activator

Answer 18

coenzyme

Question 19

nonprotein molecule that may be necessary for enzyme activity

Answer 19

cofactor

Question 20

proportion of individuals with a disease who test positively with the test

Answer 20

diagnostic sensitivity

Question 21

proportion of individuals w/o a condition who have negative test for that condition

Answer 21

diagnostic specificity

Question 22

ions capable of carrying electric charge

Answer 22

electrolytes

Question 23

migration of charged solutes or particles in electric field

Answer 23

electrophoresis

Question 24

specific biologically synthesized proteins that catalyze biochemical rxns w/o altering equilbrium point of the rxn or being consumed or undergoing changes in composition

Answer 24

enzymep

Question 25

patients with the condition who are classified by the test as not having the condition

Answer 25

false negatives

Question 26

patients without the condition who are classified by the test as having the condition

Answer 26

false positives

Question 27

form in w/c carbohydrates are stored

Answer 27

glycogen

Question 28

markings in an instrument to show proportionate divisions of a measurement

Answer 28

graduation

Question 29

largest division of normal HbA in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects formed by rxn of beta chain of HbA with glucose

Answer 29

Hemoglobin A1C

Question 30

damage to erythrocyte membrane, causing release of cellular components into the blood plasma or serum

Answer 30

hemolysis

Question 31

yellow pigmentation in the skin or sclera as a result of excess bilirubin conc. in blood

Answer 31

icterus

Question 32

diff. forms of an enzyme that may originate from genetic or nongenetic causes and may be differentiated from each other based on certain physical properties

Answer 32

isoenzymes

Question 33

presence of abnormally high conc of triglycerides in circulating blood

Answer 33

lipemia

Question 34

average, arithmetic mean

Answer 34

mean

Question 35

procedure for withdrawing blood from body

Answer 35

phlebotomy

Question 36

liquid portion of blood containing clotting factors

Answer 36

plasma

Question 37

any substance that causes harmful effect upon exposure

Answer 37

poison

Question 38

closeness of repeated results quantitatively expresses as standard deviation

Answer 38

precision

Question 39

system of process that encompasses preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic factors

Answer 39

quality assurance

Question 40

component of quality assurance for recognizing and minimizing analytic errors

Answer 40

quality control

Question 41

type of analytic error affecting precision

Answer 41

random error

Question 42

proportion of patients with a given disease or condition in which a test intended to identify that disease or condition yields a positive result

Answer 42

sensitivity

Question 43

liquid portion of blood w/o clotting factors

Answer 43

serum

Question 44

sudden change in data and mean

Answer 44

shift

Question 45

ability of an analytic method to quantitate one analyte in the presence of other in a mixture such as serum

Answer 45

specificity

Question 46

machine that measures light absorbed or transmitted by a solution

Answer 46

spectrophotometer

Question 47

substance or solution in w/c the conc. is known

Answer 47

standard

Question 48

type of analytic error arising from factors that contribute a constant difference, either + or -, and directly affects the estimate of the mean

Answer 48

systematic error

Question 49

gradual change in data and mean

Answer 49

trend

Question 50

patients with the condition who are classified by the test as having the condition

Answer 50

true positives

Question 51

patients without the condition who are classified by the test as not having the condition

Answer 51

true negatives

Question 52

complete blood, containing plasma and cellular elements

Answer 52

whole blood