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blood - phyana lab Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

functions of blood

A

transportation
regulation
protection

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2
Q

composition of blood

A

55% plasma

45%formed elements

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3
Q

composition of plasma

A

91.5% water
7% proteins
1.5% other nutrients

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4
Q

proteins in plasma

A

albumin
globulin
fibrinogen

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5
Q

(54%): function in osmosis; carriers

A

albumin

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6
Q

(38%): serve as antibodies

A

globulin

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7
Q

(7%): important in clotting

A

fibrinogen

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8
Q

types of agranulocytes

A

nk cells
lymphocytes
monocytes

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9
Q

Carries 98.5% of O2 and 23% of CO2

A

hemoglobin

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10
Q

RBC count (gen, males, females)

A

RBC count: about 5 million/µl

Male: 5.4 million cells/µl; female: 4.8 million/µl

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11
Q

structure of RBC which provides for maximal gas exchange

Is flexible for passing through capillaries

A

Lack of nucleus causes biconcave disc shape with extensive plasma membrane

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12
Q

Appear white because of lack of hemoglobin

A

WBC

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13
Q

Normal WBC count:

A

5,000-10,000/µl

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14
Q

WBC count usually increases in

A

INFECTION

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15
Q

Two major classes based on presence or absence of granules in WBC

A

Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes

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16
Q

usually make up 2/3 of all WBCs

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

Maj function of WBC

A

defense against
Infection and inflammation
Antigen-antibody (allergic) reactions

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18
Q

wbc Life span:

A

typically a few hours to days

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19
Q

high WBC count in response to infection, exercise, surgery

A

Leukocytosis

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20
Q

low WBC count

A

Leukopenia

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21
Q

from megakaryocytes

A

platelets

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22
Q

normal count of platelets

A

150,000-400,000/µl blood

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23
Q

functions of platelets

A

Plug damaged blood vessels

Promote blood clotting

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24
Q

life span of platelets

A

Life span 5–9 days

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25
Life span of RBC
3-4 months or 120 days
26
Blood types in each person are determined by
genetics
27
antigen of Type A
A antigen
28
antigen of Type B
B antigen
29
antigen of Type AB
A antigen and B antigen
30
antigen of Type O
No antigens
31
antibody for Type A
anti-B
32
antibody for Type B
anti-A
33
antibody for Type AB
none
34
antibody for Type O
anti-A and Anti-B
35
RBCs with Rh antigen
Rh+
36
RBCs without Rh antigen
Rh-
37
agglutination with anti-D
Rh+
38
NO agglutination with anti-D
Rh-
39
color of anti-B
yellow
40
color of anti-A
blue
41
color of anti-D
colorless
42
If mismatched blood (“wrong blood type”) given
antibodies bind to antigens on RBC and RBC hemolyse
43
Type AB called “universal recipients” because have no
anti-A or anti-B antibodies
44
Type O called “universal donors” because have neither
A nor B antigen on RBCs
45
why is type O being a universal donor misleading?
Misleading because of many other blood groups that must be matched
46
unclotted blood
plasma
47
part of the blood with anticoagulants
plasma
48
clotted blood
serum
49
part of the blood without anticoagulants
serum
50
expired rbc indication
reddish plasma because of hemolysis
51
wbc for parastic and allergic rxn
eosinophil
52
wbc for viral infection
lymphocytes
53
wbc for bacterial infection
neutrophil
54
low RBC
anemia
55
what temp must platelets be stored to avoid disintegration
room temp
56
blood type is affected by (2)
genetics | pregnancy
57
2 methods of blood typing
forward and reverse
58
method of blood typing which makes use of anti-sera
forward
59
methods of blood typing which makes use of known serum
reverse
60
----
---
60
Another term for antigens
Agglutinogens
61
Origin of blood since it is a CT
Mesenchyma
62
Portion of blood that has no fibrinogen
Serum
63
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum
64
The formed elements of blood are suspended in the -----
Plasma
65
Any surface that comes into contact with blood must be ----
Disinfected
66
One of the simplest most accurate tests in hematologic investi
Hematocrit
67
Thsi readinf gives the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood
Hematocrit
68
What capiklary tube must be used for blood samples with anticoagulant
Non heparinized blue
69
Sealed end of capillary tube must br positioned at the ------
Periphery
70
The darker the color of the sample
The higher the hemoglobin content
71
Components of hemacytometer
Counting chamber WBC pipet RBC pipet
72
Accessory devices of hemacytometer
Thick cover slips | Suction device
73
An ordinary cover slip cannot be used in hemacytometry because
It has uneven surface
74
Characteristics of good WBC
``` Hypotonic Easily prepared Cheap Readily available Good preservative ```
75
If the diluting fluid gors beyond 11 mark or if there re bubbles,
Discard mixture and start fron the beginning
76
angle of the pipette while charging
30-35
77
In WBC or RBC count secure the pipette using the ------ and ----- finger
Thumb and middle finger
78
Characterisitcs of good RBC diluting fluid
``` Easy to prepare Cheap Good preservative High specific gravity Isotonic Has a buffer action Does not initiate the growth of molds ```
79
Another term for antibodies in the plasma
Agglutinins
80
If a certain agglutinogen is present, its corresponding agglutinin must be _____
Absent
81
Materials used in blood typing
Blood Lancet must be sterile Applicator stick Antiserum A B D 70% alcohol
82
Time that elapses from the appearance of the first drop of blood to the time the bleeding stops representa
bleeding time
83
Materials used in bleeding time
Blood lancet | Filter paper
84
---- surface can shorten bleeding time
Rough
85
What was done to demonstrate active hyperemia
Left index finger was immersed in hot water 60C
86
What was done to demonstrate passive hyperemia
Wind a rubber band tightly above the second interphalangeal joint of thr left index finger

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