BACTE LAB - What is TB

Question 1

DOTS meaning

Answer 1

direct observed treatment short course

Question 2

NTP meaning

Answer 2

National TB Control Program

Question 3

of the 22 countries with 80% of the world’s TB, how many are classified as low-income countries

Answer 3

17

Question 4

in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil in Western Pacific region

Answer 4

3rd (based on case notification rates)

Question 5

in terms of TB morbidity, what is the rank of the Phil worldwide

Answer 5

9th (based on WHO watch list)

Question 6

how many people die yearly from the disease

Answer 6

2.3 M

Question 7

increased deaths are due to

Answer 7

drug-resistant TB
co-infections of TB
HIV infection

Question 8

In the Phil, TB ranks as the _th cause of morbidity and mortality

Answer 8

6th

Question 9

how many filipinos die of TB daily

Answer 9

average 75 - 80 Filipinos

Question 10

Phil ranked _th among countries with high burden of MDR-TB

Answer 10

8th

Question 11

agents of TB

Answer 11

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis (occasionally)

Question 12

characteristics of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (3)

Answer 12

acid-fast with waxy or mycolic acid cell wall
obligate aerobes
slow growing on Lowenstein Jensen medium

Question 13

distinguishing characteristics of M. tuberculosis

Answer 13

produces niacin
nitrate reduction positive
catalase negative at 68C
thiopene 2 carboxylic acid (TCH) resistant

Question 14

main pathogens of M. tuberculosis complex

Answer 14

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis

Question 15

M. tuberculosis M. bovis are also known as _____ because they produce characteristic lesions called tubercles

Answer 15

tubercle bacilli

Question 16

acid-fast bacilli appear ___ on a ___background

Answer 16

red on a blue background

Question 17

2 forms of TB

Answer 17

PTB

EPTB

Question 18

How does EPTB spread (3)

Answer 18

Blood stream
Lymphatic and bronchial systems
Direct extension

Question 19

Transmission of bacilli from person to person occurs almost exclusively by

Answer 19

air

Question 20

primary source of infection

Answer 20

person w/ PTB who coughs and spreads infected droplets

Question 21

where does transmission of PTB occur

Answer 21

poorly ventilated closed areas

Question 22

micro aerosols that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time

Answer 22

droplet nuclei

Question 23

how are droplet nuclei removed

Answer 23

adequate ventilation

Question 24

mycobacterium can survive these 2 conditions

Answer 24

darkness/dark areas

humid environment

Question 25

what can kill tubercle bacilli

Answer 25

direct sunlight (Ultraviolet rays)

Question 26

predisposing factors

Answer 26

poverty cell-mediated immuno-suppression HIV infection

Question 27

this condition increases the risk of getting TB disease

Answer 27

HIV

Question 28

HIV negative have 10% ____risk

Answer 28

life time risk

Question 29

HIV positive have 10% ____risk

Answer 29

annual risk

Question 30

TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin

Answer 30

MDR-TB

Question 31

First line drugs | used to treat all persons with TB disease

Answer 31

isoniazid and rifampicin

Question 32

rare type of MDR-TB

Answer 32

XDR-TB

Question 33

resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the 3 injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin)

Answer 33

XDR-TB

Question 34

3 injectable second-line drugs

Answer 34

amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin

Question 35

Most widely available test for microbiological diagnosis of TB

Answer 35

sputum smear microscopy

Question 36

Causes of major delays in diagnosing tuberculosis

Answer 36

patient not seeking care | provider not suspecting the disease

Question 37

ISTC meaning

Answer 37

International Standards for Tuberculosis Care

Question 37

Active against Mtb complex May cause transient improvements Should be avoided

Answer 37

Fluoroquinolones

Question 38

For patients with sputum smear negative PTB, what type of specimen should be prepared

Answer 38

Sputum culture

Question 39

For serious ill patients or those with known or suspected HIV, (what must be done)

Answer 39

Diagnostic evaluation must be expedited | If clinical evidence suggests strongly of tb, anti tb treatment must be initiated