Flashcards in endocrine glands Deck (68)
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1
– stimulates growth of bones, muscles and organs by increasing gene expression
GH
2
-resists protein breakdown and favor fat breakdown during periods of starvation
GH
3
↓GH, young person, small but normally proportioned
PITUITARY DWARF
4
- ↑GH present before bones finish growing in length
-exaggerated bone growth
-abnormally tall
GIANTISM
5
↑GH after completion of bone growth in length
-abnormally large facial features and hands
GIANTISM
6
PERIODS OF INCREASED GH SECRETION
↑GH after completion of bone growth in length
-abnormally large facial features and hands
7
somatomedins
-influences part of the effect of GH
-similar in structures to insulin and can bind to insulin receptors
-secretion from tissues is increased by GH
insulin-like growth factors
8
-binds to MBR on cells in cortex of adrenal glands
-increases the secretion of cortisol/hydrocortisone
-required to keep adrenal cortex from degenerating
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
9
-bind to melanocytes in skin and increase skin pigmentation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
10
– bind to MBR on cells of gonads
-regulate growth, development, and functioning of gonads
Gonadotropins
11
cause the ovulation of oocytes and secretion of estrogen and progesterone
luteinizing hormone
12
-stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to secrete testosterone
Interstitial Cell-stimulating hormone
13
stimulates development of follicles in ovaries and sperm cells
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) –
14
binds to MBR in cells of breast
-helps promote development of breast during pregnancy
prolactin
15
-stimulates the production of milk following pregnancy
prolactin
16
binds to MBR on melanocytes
-causes MBR on melanocytes to synthesize melanin
-structure is similar to ACTH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
17
-increases water reabsorption by kidney tubules (result: less water lost as urine)
-causes blood vessels to constrict
ADH VASOPRESSIN
18
– caused by lack of ADH secretion
-production of large amount of dilute urine
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
19
causes contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus
-causes milk letdown from breasts of lactating women
OXYTOCIN
20
-made up of 2 lobes connected by isthmus
-lobes are located on each side of trachea
-one of the largest endocrine glands
-appears more red because it is highly vascular
-surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
THYROID GLAND
21
secrete hormone calcitonin
C Cells or parafollicular cells
22
enlargement of thyroid gland
-excess TSH
GOITER
23
– lack of thyroid hormones
HYPOTHYROIDISIM
24
– hypothyroidism in infants
-mental retardation, short stature, abnormally formed skeletal structure
cretinism
25
hypothyroidism in adults
-decreased metabolic rate, sluggishness, reduced ability to perform routine tasks
myxedema
26
elevated rate of thyroid hormone secretion
-metabolic rate, extreme nervousness, chronic fatigue
hyperthyroidism
27
• Graves disease – results when immune system produces abnormal proteins that are similar in structure and function to TSH
-often accompanied by exophthalmia (bulging of eyes)
graves disease
28
required to synthesize thyroid hormones
-taken up by thyroid follicles
IODINE
29
secreted if blood concentration of Ca becomes too high
-binds to MBR of osteoclasts and reduces rate of Ca resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts
Calcitonin
30
