Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Botany > CELLS - HISTO LEC > Flashcards

CELLS - HISTO LEC Flashcards

1
Q

Two Basic Parts of the Cell:

A
  1. Cytoplasm

2. Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • metabolically active structures or complexes, with or without membranes, in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

outermost component of the cell

-separates cytoplasm from extracellular environment

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • defines the outer limit of the cell

- continuum exists between extracellular and intracellular macromolecules

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • contains integrins

- made of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, oligosaccharide chains

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • a selective barrier regulating passage of materials into and out of the cell
  • facilitates transport of molecules
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • range from 7.5 to 10 nm in thickness

- visible only in electron microscope

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

consisting of two nonpolar long-chain fatty acids linked to a charged polar head bearing a phosphate group

A

Amphipathic –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

*Phospholipids are most stable when organized into a

A

double layer (hydrophobic toward the middle).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*Phospholipids in each half of the bilayer are

A

different.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

restricts movement of phospholipid fatty acids; stabilizes lipid bilayer

A

Cholesterol –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

areas of less movement

-have higher concentrations of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids

A

Lipid rafts -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

proteins/linkages which produce a continuous exchange of influences, in both directions, between ECM and cytoplasm

A

Integrins –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– fluid component of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

– proteins which determine the shape and motility of eukaryotic cells

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

minor cytoplasmic structures which are generally deposits of carbohydrates, lipids, or pigments

A

Inclusions –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

outer lipids which include oligosaccharide chains that extend outward from the cell surface
-contribute to glycocalyx

A

Glycolipids –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– delicate cell surface coating formed by glycolipids

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

major constituent of membranes

A

Proteins –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TYPES OF PROTEINS

A
  • Integral
  • Peripheral
  • Multipass Transmembrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

– small electron-dense particles

  • all have 2 subunits of different sizes
  • act to catalyze the process of protein translation
A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

– extends from the surface of the nucleus to the cell membrane

  • encloses a cisternae
  • SINGLE MEMBRANE
A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

series of intercommunicating channels and sacs

A

Cisterna –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A 
1.	Synthesis
•	SER – lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism
•	RER – protein synthesis 
2.	Transport
3.	Storage
4.	Detoxification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
specialized for protein secretion - synthesizes and segregates proteins not destined for cytosol - initial glycosylation of glycoproteins - assembly of mutlichain proteins - granular, basophilic cytoplasmic surface due to the presence of polysomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum –
26
not basophilic; best seen with TEM - More tubular - phospholipid synthesis - steroid synthesis - abundant in many liver cells - sequesters and releases Ca2+ (sarcoplasmic reticulum) - has enzymes for lipid and glycogen metabolism
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum –
27
– completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in the RER -packages and addresses these proteins to proper destinations
Golgi Apparatus or Golgi complex
28
GA is named after
-named after Camillo Golgi
29
originated as condensing vesicles in GA -found in cells that store a product until its release by exocytosis is signaled by a metabolic, hormonal or neural message
Secretory granules –
30
secretory granules with dense contents of digestive enzymes
Zymogen granules –
31
– sites of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular components
Lysosomes
32
-membrane-limited vesicles that contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
33
- abundant in cells with great phagocytic activity | - also function for autophagy
Lysosomes
34
type of lysosome – emerge from GA -contain inactive acid hydrolases specific for degrading a wide variety of cellular macromolecules
Primary Lysosomes
35
type of lysosome more heterogenous lysosomes, having fused with vesicles produced by endocytosis that contain material to be digested by hydrolytic enzymes
Secondary lysosomes –
36
removal of excess or nonfunctional organelles and other cytoplasmic structures
Autophagy –
37
very small abundant protein complexes not associated with membrane - degrade denatured or nonfunctional polypeptides - remove proteins no longer needed by the cell
Proteasomes –
38
– membrane-enclosed, elongated organelles with arrays of enzymes specialized for aerobic respiration and production of ATP
Mitochondria
39
-cells which have high-energy metabolism have ____________mitochondria
abundant
40
2 membranes of mitochondria
outer and inner
41
membrane of mitochondria | porous; encloses the intermembrane space
outer
42
membrane of mitochondria many folds or cristae; encloses a gel-like matrix -include enzyme assemblies of the electron-transport system and ATP synthase
Inner membrane –
43
spherical organelles enclosed by a single membrane and named for their enzymes producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes –
44
– complex array of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
45
semirigid tubular structures with walls composed of polymerized tubulin heterodimers - structure is often very dynamic - important in maintaining cell shape and as tracks for transport of vesicles and organelles
Microtubules –
46
– directs polymerization of tubulins | -contain tubulin assemblies that act as nucleating sites for polymerization
Microtubule organizing centers
47
dominant MTOC in most somatic cells; organized around centrioles (9+3)
Centrosome
48
motor proteins that bind and move along actin filaments
Myosins –
49
the most stable cytoskeletal component, conferring strong mechanical stability to cells
intermediate filaments –
50
have little or no metabolic activity but contain accumulated metabolites or other substances not enclosed by membrane -primarily storage sites
Cytoplasmic inclusions –
50
Small membrane-bound sac Transports or stores materials within cells Pinch off from GA and move to the cell surface
Secretory vesicles
50
Small membrane-bound sac Transports or stores materials within cells Pinch off from GA and move to the cell surface
Secretory vesicles
51
Membrane bound vesicles formed from the GA | Contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellulat digestive system
Lysosomes
51
Membrane bound vesicles formed from the GA | Contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellulat digestive system
Lysosomes
52
Consists of proteins that support the cell Hold organelles in place Enable cell to change shape
Cytoskeletob
52
Consists of proteins that support the cell Hold organelles in place Enable cell to change shape
Cytoskeletob
53
Hollow structures formed fron protein subunits Help support cell cytoplasm Assist in cell division Form components of cilia and flagella
Microtubules
53
Hollow structures formed fron protein subunits Help support cell cytoplasm Assist in cell division Form components of cilia and flagella
Microtubules
54
Small fibrils from protein subunts that structurally support cytoplasm Some are involved with cell movement
Microfilaments
54
Small fibrils from protein subunts that structurally support cytoplasm Some are involved with cell movement
Microfilaments
55
Fibrila formed from protein subunits Smaller than microtubules larger than microfilaments Provide mechanical support
Intermediate filament
55
Fibrila formed from protein subunits Smaller than microtubules larger than microfilaments Provide mechanical support
Intermediate filament
56
Specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus | Where microtubule formation occurs
Centrosome
56
Specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus | Where microtubule formation occurs
Centrosome
57
Energy using proteins that interact with cytoskeletal elements to move cell parts or the whole cell
Motor proteins
58
Microtubular config of cilia
9+3
59
Microtubular config of flagella
9+2
60
Intermediate filament proteins with particular biological, histological or pathological importance
Keratin Vimentin Lamins Neurofilament

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions