Flashcards in chem lab - lipids Deck (103)
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hydrophobic isoprenoids
A, D, E, K
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are PUFAs
-must be provided in our diet because EFAs cannot be biosynthesized
EFAs
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1. Fatty-acid related :
fatty acid/prostaglandins, fatty acid esters, sterol esters, lipoconjugates
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2. Hydrolyzable/saponifiable:
fatty acid esters, sterol esters, lipoconjugates
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-aliphatic, acyclic, unbranched
fatty acids
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fatty acid synthesis in humans:
liver and lactating mammary glands
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most naturally occurring FA contain odd or even no. of C atoms
EVEN
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-no C=C
-CnH2n+1 COOH
-___anoic acid
saturated
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-CnH2n-1COOH
- ____enoic acid
unsaturated
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– natural configuration of C=C
Cis configuration
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-introduces a kink, allowing a bend
-bend disrupts alignment of lipid → semi-fluid
Cis configuration
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2 EFAs to humans
1. Linoleic acid –
2. Linolenic acid
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precursor of arachidonic acid
linoleic
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– precursor of PGs
-becomes essential if linoleic acid is missing
Arachidonic acid
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– alkali salts of Fa
-formed by saponification
-amphipathic
-nonpolar + dirt, polar + water (micelle)
4. Soaps
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5. Halogens add to C=C via
AE
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– resistant to oxidation outside the body
saturated FA
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slowly but spontaneously oxidized by oxygen in air
-becomes rancid (formation of short chain aldehydes)
USFA-
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-derived from linoleic acid (or arachidonic acids) forming eicosanoids
PROSTAGLANDINS
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-cyclopentane ring, 2 side chains, carboxyl group in one side chain
PROSTAGLANDINS
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-participate in wound-healing process
PROSTAGLANDINS
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PAIN MEDIATORS
PROSTAGLANDINS
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-esters formed between a fatty acid (CA) and glycerol (trihydric alcohol)
Acyglycerols or glycerides
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-3 Fatty acids + glycerol
TRIGLYCERIDES
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-neutral fats or neutral oils
TRIGLYCERIDES
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-most widespread
TRIGLYCERIDES
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-most abundant lipids in animals (function: food store)
TRIGLYCERIDES
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Hydrolysis of tripalmitin or 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
• 1 mole of glycerol
• 3 moles of palmitic acid
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Hydrolysis of palmitostearoolein or 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
• 1 mole glycerol
• 1 mole palmitic acid
• 1 mole stearic acid
• 1 mole oleic acid
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