Flashcards in BIOCHEM 4 - AMINO ACIDS Deck (70)
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1
Essential Amino acids
L, I, V, H, K, M, F, T, W
2
Non-essential amino acids
A, R, N, D, C, E, Q, G, P, S, Y
3
aa (obtained from nutrition)
Essential Amino acids
4
aa (synthesized by the body)
Non-essential amino acids
5
properties of AA (4)
Amphoteric
dipolar
optically active
tetrahedral structure
6
– reference to determine if the
amino acid has L- or D-configuration
α-amino group
7
All amino acids in naturally occurring proteins are
L-isomers
8
◦ derived from glutamate; neurotransmitters (has something to do with the brain)
GABA
9
GABA is derived from
glutamate
10
◦ derived from tryptophan; important in sleep
Serotonine
11
serotonine derived from
derived from tryptophan
12
3. Thyroxine
derived from tyrosine
13
indole acetic acid
4. Dopamine –
14
– side chain is a primary alcohol; looks like Ala with -OH
Serine
15
side chain is a secondary alcohol;
◦ Threonine
16
has two chirality centers
threonine and isoleucine
17
contains a thiol group; important in disulfide linkages; weak acid; can form H-bonds
◦ Cysteine
18
- ionized cysteine is -----, while the protonated form is much --------than serine.
polar
less polar
19
also has the ability to form covalent bonds called disulfide bonds between cysteine side chains.
Cysteine
20
– side chain is phenolic –OH; borderline case
Tyrosine
21
not very soluble in water, but contains a polar hydroxyl group in the para position of the phenyl ring
Tyrosine
22
amide groups do not become charged at biologically relevant pH values (i.e. pH 2-12), true or false
TRUE
23
simplest amino acid
GLYCINE
24
does not really have a polar or non-polar character
GLYCINE
25
- has much less steric hindrance than the other AAs;
GLYCINE
26
No chiral center/achiral
GLYCINE
27
no asymmetric carbon
GLYCINE
28
– side chain is isopropyl
Valine
29
side chain is isobutyl
Leucine
30
