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Botany > Bacte Lec - Quiz 1 Control of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Bacte Lec - Quiz 1 Control of Microbial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

process of destroying all forms of microbial life (vegetative cells and spores)

A

Sterilization –

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2
Q

special structures resistant to chemical and physical changes

A

• Spores

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3
Q

substance that prevents growth of bacteria by destroying cells or inhibiting growth; applied on skin

A

• Antiseptic

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4
Q

chemical agent that destroys only vegetative cells but not spores; applied on inanimate objects

A

• Disinfectant

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5
Q

process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens

A

• Disinfection

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6
Q

kills bacteria, even without chemical agent it will not grow again

A

• Bactericidal

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7
Q

agent that kills microbes

A

• Microbicidal

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8
Q

inhibits growth of bacteria, but without chemical agent bacteria will grow again

A

• Bacteriostatic

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9
Q

chemical agent that inhibits and kills/destroys pathogens without damaging body tissues

A

Antimicrobial agent or antimicrobial drug

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10
Q

agent that kills fungi

A

• Fungicidal

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11
Q

agent that kills spores

A

• Sporicidal

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12
Q

agent that kills viruses

A

• Virocidal

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13
Q

MoA of 70% alcohol

A
  1. Protein denaturation

2. Lipid dissolution

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14
Q

disinfectant, contains phenol, used in lab

A

Lysol

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15
Q

Mechanism of Action of Lysol

A
  1. Inactivation of enzymes
  2. Protein denaturation
  3. Cytoplasmic membrane destruction
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16
Q

– disrupts cell membrane

A

Soap

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17
Q

agent that limits the growth of bacteria to a safe level

A

Sanitizer

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18
Q

Methods to Control Microbial Growth (11)

A 
Heat
radiation
filtration
titration
agitation
osmotic pressure
sonic vibration
low temperature/ cold temperature
lyophilization
ethylene oxide
dessication
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19
Q

2 physical methods of sterilization under heat

A

moist heat

dry heat

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20
Q

why is moist heat better than dry heat

A

has faster coagulation of proteins

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21
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

A 
autoclaving
boiling
Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent
inspissation
pasteurization
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22
Q

pressure
temp
duration/time of autoclaving

A

121 C
15 pounds per square inch
15-20 min

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23
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

makes use of steam under pressure

A

autoclaving

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24
Q

methods of sterilization under moist heat

no incubation in between

A

autoclaving

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25
advantages of autoclaving (3)
>Abundant moisture >Penetrates rapidly >Temperature above boiling
26
methods of sterilization under moist heat | not effective because it only kills vegetative cells
boiling
27
temp and time for boiling
100C | either within 10 min or 2-3 min
28
added when boiling to increase killing effect
2% sodium carbonate
29
methods of sterilization under moist heat | -uses Arnold’s sterilizer
Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent
30
is Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent effective
yes
31
time and temp for Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent
-100C for 30 min for 3 consecutive days with incubation period in between (to allow spores to germinate and be killed the next day)
32
Fractional/ Tyndallization/Intermittent uses what type of sterilizer
Arnold’s sterilizer
33
methods of sterilization under moist heat | -uses an inspissator
Inspissation
34
methods of sterilization under moist heat | -used for high protein culture media that cannot withstand high temperature of autoclave
Inspissation
35
time temp days for inspissation
-75 – 80C for 2 hours for 3 consecutive days
36
Materials Inspissated: | 3
 Dorset Egg Medium  Lowenstein-Jensten  Loeffler Serum
37
form of disinfection originally devised by Louis Pasteur to preserve wine -but today it is more likely to associate with milk
Pasteurization
38
3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized
a. High Temperature Short Time/ Flash Method b. Low Temperature Cooling or Coding c. Ultra-high Temperature (UHT)
39
3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized | time and temp for High Temperature Short Time/ Flash Method
-milk heated at 72C for 15 sec
40
3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized | time and temp for Low Temperature Cooling or Coding
-milk heated at 62C for 30 min
41
3 Ways by which Milk can be Pasteurized | time and temp for Ultra-high Temperature (UHT)
- dairy products stored without refrigeration | - milk heated at 72C to 140C and back to 72C for less than 5 sec
42
principle of dry heat
oxidation of cellular components
43
types of sterilization under dry heat
hot air open flame incinerator
44
time and temp for hot air
-160 – 180C for 1.5 hrs or 2 hrs
45
principle of open flame
burning to ashes
46
temp for incineration and for how long to incinerate
870 – 980C until burned into ashes
47
sterilizer of hot air
oven
48
equipment used in open flame
bunsen burner
49
equipment used in incineration
incinerator
50
method of dry heat sterilization | kills microbes rapidly
incineration
51
method to control microbial growth | -all types can be injurious, causing death or mutation
Radiation
52
2 types of radiation
ionizing and non-ionizing
53
MoA of dessication and lyophilization
removing water,
54
effect of dessication and lyophilization
dehydration
55
MoA of Low Temperature/Cold Temperature
changesin cellular proteins
56
MoA of osmotic pressure
plasmolysis
57
also called Sterilization/ Gas sterilization/ Gaseous-chemical sterilization
ethylene oxide
58
method of microbial growth control, uses a gas chamber
ethylene oxide
59
MoA of ethylene oxide
alkylation of nucleic acids of bacteria
60
how much chamber space temp time for ethylene oxide
450 – 750 mg/L of chamber space at 55 – 60C for 2 hours
61
– for inoculating microorganisms - enclosed to protect from ____________ exposure - with special filter paper: HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter paper
Biological Safety Cabinet
62
special filter paper for biological safety cabinet
HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter paper
63
MoA of titration and agitation
mechanical disruption of cell wall
64
MoA of sonic vibration
breaking of cell wall
65
removing microorganisms from solution or suspending fluid | -as fluid passes through filter, microbes are trapped in the pores of filtering material
Filtration –
66
effectivity of filtration depends on the ff
>Porosity >Electric charge of filter >Nature of fluid being filtered
67
Commonly Used Filters to Remove Microbes from a Suspending Fluid
1. Berkefeld filter – made of diatomaceous earth 2. Seitz – asbestos pad 3. Chamberland – unglazed porcelain 4. Membrane – cellulose ester/acetate 5. Morton – sintered glass
68
– used to determine effectivity of chemical agent
Phenol coefficient test
69
types of ionizing radiation
x-rays cathode rays gamma rays
70
non-ionizing radiation is also ___
ultraviolet radiation

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