GPHT LEC - Inflammation Flashcards by Carmina Mislang

A complex reaction to various injurious agents

Inflammation

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 Consists of vascular responses, migration and activation of leukocytes, and systemic reactions

Inflammation

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Unique features of inflammation

◦ Reaction of blood vessels

◦ Accumulation of fluids and electrolytes in extravascular space

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components of inflammatory response

vascular and cellular rxn

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vascular rxn composed of

vasodilation

increased permeability

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cellular rxn composed of

 Margination
 Rolling
 Adhesion
 Transmigration 
 Migration

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Inflammation is terminated when

the inciting agent is eliminated and the mediators have degenerated.

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A rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation to the site of injury

acute inflammation

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characteristics of acute inflammation

◦ Alterations in blood flow
◦ Increased vascular permeability
◦ Emigration,accumulation,and activation of neutrophils

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distinctive feature of acute inflammation

Infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

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Hallmark of acute inflammation:

◦ Increased vascular

permeability

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Refers to an excess fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities

edema

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The escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body cavities
Two types
◦ ◦
 
Exudate Transudate

exudation

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two types of exudate

high cellularity, sp gr and protein

exudate

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two types of exudate

low to none cellularity, sp gr and protein

transudate

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An exudate rich in inflammatory cells (leukocytes) and cellular debris

pus

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ Plasma-like effusion with no cells

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ There is abundant protein- rich fluid exudate with a relatively low cellular content

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ Early inflammation,heart failure, pleural effusions

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Inflammation of the serous
cavities, such as peritonitis, and inflammation of a synovial joint, acute synovitis

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ Vascular dilatation may be apparent to the naked eye

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ Contains dying and degenerate neutrophils,proteins,tissue debris, infecting organisms

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ The pus may become walled-off by granulation tissue or fibrous
tissue to produce an abscess (a localized collection of pus in a tissue)

Serous

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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

◦ Caused by pyogenic bacteria

Serous

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(a localized collection of pus in a tissue)

abscess

If a hollow viscus fills with pus,this is called an

empyema,

accumulation of fluid in body cavities

effusion

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation | Contains large amounts of fibrinogen

fibrinous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation ◦ Forms thick, sticky meshwork that may cause areas to stick together

fibrinous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation ◦ Often seen in acute pericarditis giving the parietal and visceral pericardium a 'bread and butter' appearance.

fibrinous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation | ◦ Thick fibrin coating

fibrinous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation ◦ Contains fibrinous or fibrinopurulent material with necrotic cells 

Membranous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation | ◦ Contains both serous and hemorrhagic materials

Serosanguinous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation | ◦ Often found in mucous membranes, some microbial infection

Membranous

morphologic patterns of acute inflammation | ◦ Caused by bleeding, serous exudation like injury and burns

Serosanguinous

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes | Contains large amount of RBCs and other cells

Hemorrhagic

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes ◦ Damaged or vascular injury or permeable blood vessels or depletion of coagulation factors

Hemorrhagic

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes ◦ Acute pancreatitis due to proteolytic destruction of vascular walls, and in meningococcal septicemia due to disseminated intravascular coagulation

Hemorrhagic

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes | ◦ Contains large amount of mucous and epithelial cells

Mucinous or Catarrhal

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes | ◦ When mucus hypersecretion accompanies acute inflammation of a mucous membrane

Mucinous or Catarrhal

Exudates in Inflammatory Processes | ◦ Inflammatory conditions like allergic rhinitis,common

Mucinous or Catarrhal

Types of Inflammation According to Location Localized collection of pus in a part of the body, surrounded by an inflamed area 

abscess

Types of Inflammation According to Location | The area will most likely look like a giant boil or cyst that can become extremely red and infected

abscess

Types of Inflammation According to Location An open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection

ulcer

Types of Inflammation According to Location Mucosal surface Thick mucous and white blood cells

catarrhal

Types of Inflammation According to Location Formed by the fibrin and necrotic surface epithelium 

pseudomembranous

Types of Inflammation According to Location | A structure which resembles the luminal surface of the tissue (looks like the affected tissue is covered by a membrane)

pseudomembranous

Types of Inflammation According to Location  An epithelium becomes coated by fibrin, desquamated epithelial cells and inflammatory cells 

membranous

Types of Inflammation According to Location | An example is the grey membrane seen in pharyngitis or laryngitis due to Corynebaeterium diphtheriae

membranous

mononuclear cells in chronic inflammation

plasma cells, macrophages, lymphocytes

slimy film covering | what morphologic pattern of acute inflam

membranous

what morphologic pattern of acute inflam | in cancers, trauma, lungs

serosanguinous

what morphologic pattern of acute inflam | bloody but not as viscous as blood

serosanguinous

what morphologic pattern of acute inflam | diluted pink hemorrhagic material

serosanguinous

mucinous exudates common in organs like

organs of RT and GT

prototype of hemorrhagic exudate

acute pancreatitis

common exudate, encountered by many

mucinous or catarrhal

most frequent cause of abscess

bacteria

what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance | acute appendicitis

abscess

what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance | found in nose and GIT

catarrhal

what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance | found in GIT

pseudomembranous

extensive deposition of collagen

hypertrophic scar

CT replacement accomplished by two processes

angiogenesis and fibrosis

haphazard activity of reparative cells

cheloid

cells predominant in acute

neut

cells predominant in chronic

lympho

nucleoli in granuloma

horseshoe

formation of the mature scar

cicatrization

less vascular, pale, contracting tissue

cicatrix

Type of inflam according to extent | Interstitial pneumonia

Diffuse

Sarcoidosis type of inflammationo

Granulomatous inflammation

No discernible granule type of granulomatous inflammation

Immune granuloma

Type of replacement by a CT scar | Reorganization of the fibrous tissue, contraction of wound edges

Remodeling

Fibrinous inflammation may lead to

Scarring

Central region of abscess

Necrotic leukocytes and tissue cells