Flashcards in GPHT LEC - Inflammation Deck (75):
1
A complex reaction to various injurious agents
Inflammation
2
Consists of vascular responses, migration and activation of leukocytes, and systemic reactions
Inflammation
3
Unique features of inflammation
◦ Reaction of blood vessels
◦ Accumulation of fluids and electrolytes in extravascular space
4
components of inflammatory response
vascular and cellular rxn
5
vascular rxn composed of
vasodilation
increased permeability
6
cellular rxn composed of
Margination
Rolling
Adhesion
Transmigration
Migration
7
Inflammation is terminated when
the inciting agent is eliminated and the mediators have degenerated.
8
A rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation to the site of injury
acute inflammation
9
characteristics of acute inflammation
◦ Alterations in blood flow
◦ Increased vascular permeability
◦ Emigration,accumulation,and activation of neutrophils
10
distinctive feature of acute inflammation
Infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
11
Hallmark of acute inflammation:
◦ Increased vascular
permeability
12
Refers to an excess fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities
edema
13
The escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body cavities
Two types
◦ ◦
Exudate Transudate
exudation
14
two types of exudate
high cellularity, sp gr and protein
exudate
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two types of exudate
low to none cellularity, sp gr and protein
transudate
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An exudate rich in inflammatory cells (leukocytes) and cellular debris
pus
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Plasma-like effusion with no cells
Serous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ There is abundant protein- rich fluid exudate with a relatively low cellular content
Serous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Early inflammation,heart failure, pleural effusions
Serous
20
morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Inflammation of the serous
cavities, such as peritonitis, and inflammation of a synovial joint, acute synovitis
Serous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Vascular dilatation may be apparent to the naked eye
Serous
22
morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Contains dying and degenerate neutrophils,proteins,tissue debris, infecting organisms
Serous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ The pus may become walled-off by granulation tissue or fibrous
tissue to produce an abscess (a localized collection of pus in a tissue)
Serous
24
morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Caused by pyogenic bacteria
Serous
25
(a localized collection of pus in a tissue)
abscess
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If a hollow viscus fills with pus,this is called an
empyema,
27
accumulation of fluid in body cavities
effusion
28
morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
Contains large amounts of fibrinogen
fibrinous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Forms thick, sticky meshwork that may cause areas to stick
together
fibrinous
30
morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Often seen in acute pericarditis giving the parietal and visceral
pericardium a 'bread and butter' appearance.
fibrinous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Thick fibrin coating
fibrinous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Contains fibrinous or fibrinopurulent material with necrotic cells
Membranous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Contains both serous and hemorrhagic materials
Serosanguinous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Often found in mucous membranes, some microbial infection
Membranous
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morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
◦ Caused by bleeding, serous exudation like injury and burns
Serosanguinous
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Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
Contains large amount of RBCs and other cells
Hemorrhagic
37
Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
◦ Damaged or vascular injury or permeable blood vessels or depletion of
coagulation factors
Hemorrhagic
38
Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
◦ Acute pancreatitis due to proteolytic destruction of vascular walls, and
in meningococcal septicemia due to disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hemorrhagic
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Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
◦ Contains large amount of mucous and epithelial cells
Mucinous or Catarrhal
40
Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
◦ When mucus hypersecretion accompanies acute inflammation of a mucous membrane
Mucinous or Catarrhal
41
Exudates in Inflammatory Processes
◦ Inflammatory conditions like allergic rhinitis,common
Mucinous or Catarrhal
42
Types of Inflammation According to Location
Localized collection of pus in a part of the body, surrounded by an inflamed area
abscess
43
Types of Inflammation According to Location
The area will most likely look like a giant boil or cyst that can become extremely red and infected
abscess
44
Types of Inflammation According to Location
An open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection
ulcer
45
Types of Inflammation According to Location
Mucosal surface
Thick mucous and white blood cells
catarrhal
46
Types of Inflammation According to Location
Formed by the fibrin and necrotic surface epithelium
pseudomembranous
47
Types of Inflammation According to Location
A structure which resembles the luminal surface of the tissue (looks like the affected tissue is covered by a membrane)
pseudomembranous
48
Types of Inflammation According to Location
An epithelium becomes coated by fibrin, desquamated epithelial cells and inflammatory cells
membranous
49
Types of Inflammation According to Location
An example is the grey membrane seen in pharyngitis or laryngitis due to Corynebaeterium diphtheriae
membranous
50
mononuclear cells in chronic inflammation
plasma cells, macrophages, lymphocytes
51
slimy film covering
what morphologic pattern of acute inflam
membranous
52
what morphologic pattern of acute inflam
in cancers, trauma, lungs
serosanguinous
53
what morphologic pattern of acute inflam
bloody but not as viscous as blood
serosanguinous
54
what morphologic pattern of acute inflam
diluted pink hemorrhagic material
serosanguinous
55
mucinous exudates common in organs like
organs of RT and GT
56
prototype of hemorrhagic exudate
acute pancreatitis
57
common exudate, encountered by many
mucinous or catarrhal
58
most frequent cause of abscess
bacteria
59
what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance
acute appendicitis
abscess
60
what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance
found in nose and GIT
catarrhal
61
what type of inflammation accdg to location/appearance
found in GIT
pseudomembranous
62
extensive deposition of collagen
hypertrophic scar
63
CT replacement accomplished by two processes
angiogenesis and fibrosis
64
haphazard activity of reparative cells
cheloid
65
cells predominant in acute
neut
66
cells predominant in chronic
lympho
67
nucleoli in granuloma
horseshoe
68
formation of the mature scar
cicatrization
69
less vascular, pale, contracting tissue
cicatrix
69
Type of inflam according to extent
Interstitial pneumonia
Diffuse
70
Sarcoidosis type of inflammationo
Granulomatous inflammation
71
No discernible granule type of granulomatous inflammation
Immune granuloma
72
Type of replacement by a CT scar
Reorganization of the fibrous tissue, contraction of wound edges
Remodeling
73
Fibrinous inflammation may lead to
Scarring
74