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Botany > BACTE LEC - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

BACTE LEC - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

source of infecting agent

A

Reservoir

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2
Q

means by which humans may acquire microorganisms

A

Mode of Transmission

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3
Q

living entity that transmit microorganism from the reservoir to host

A

Vectors

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4
Q

nonliving entity that transmit microorganism from the reservoir to host

A

Vehicle or Fomite

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5
Q

Identify bacteria present in Chicken

A

– Salmonella spp.

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6
Q

Identify bacteria present in Rat’s urine

A

– Leptospira interrogans (cause of leptospirosis)

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7
Q

Identify bacteria present in Cat’s scratch –

A

Bartonella henselae

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8
Q

Identify bacteria present in Tick in rats –

A

Yersinia pestis

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9
Q

fever caused by ticks

A

*Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever –

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10
Q

Many fungal agents are acquired by ??? of soil and dust particles containing microorganisms and through ???

A

inhalation

penetration of wounds

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11
Q

Factors that Cause Diseases

A
  1. Status of host’s immune system
  2. Protection from microbial invasion
  3. Inherent microbial factors
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12
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

  • commonly found on or in body sites
  • beneficial: compete against pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and space so these pathogens won’t be able to use it to their advantage
  • overpopulate so pathogens will not be able to live at a certain site of the body
A
  1. Normal, usually indigenous flora
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13
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

colonize an area for months/years

A

resident

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14
Q

hosts with pathogenic organism but not manifesting symptoms, capable of transmitting infections

A

carrier

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15
Q

Types of Microbial Flora

present at a site temporarily

A

transient

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16
Q

bacteria always present on skin/nose

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

infection caused by microbes with low virulence but becomes pathogenic in a host with low immunologic response

A

Opportunistic infection

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18
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Skin

A

sebaceous/sweat glands, squamous cells (keep on shedding/dislodging bacteria)

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19
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

mouth

A

low redox potential at tooth surfaces (anaerobes)

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20
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Respiratory tract

A

alveolar macrophages

delivery of air from the outside of body to pulmonary tissues

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21
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

Sweat

A

contains lysozymes which destroy bacterial cell wall

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22
Q

found in sweat, destroys bacterial cell wall

A

lysozymes

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23
Q

found in respiratory tract, phagocytose

A

alveolar macrophages

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24
Q

Composition of Microbial Flora at Different Body Sites

GIT

A

gastric acidity

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25
PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2)
a. Suppression by immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy or radiation b. Individuals with lymphoma, leukemia, chronic illnesses, cirrhosis
26
invasion of a pathogen with structural or functional harm, characterized by signs and symptoms
*Infectious diseases
27
bacteria in oyster
Vibrio cholera
28
invasion or growth of a pathogen
Infection
29
infection which develop quickly
Acute infection
30
infection which develop and progress slowly, sometimes in a period of years
Chronic infection
31
disease which spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person -spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid
*Communicable/contagious/infectious -
32
disease which do not spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person
*Non-communicable
33
– cases are isolated in a given community, disease occurs only rarely and without regularity
Sporadic
34
steady cases of occurrence of disease in a given area
endemic
35
sudden increase of infection in a given area)
outbreak
36
continuous increase of infection
epidemic
37
occurs worldwide (Ex. Ebola)
pandemic
38
opposite of endemic
outbreak
39
– the spread of diseases; new cases of infection
Incidence of disease
40
– study of present and previous infection | -how seriously and how long it affects a population
Prevalence of the disease
41
– make the body more susceptible to disease or alters the course of a disease
Predisposing Factors
42
what are the predisposing factors (9)
* Gender * Age * Fatigue * Environment * Lifestyle * Pre-existing illness * Chemotherapy * Emotional disturbances * Habits
43
Patterns of Disease (normal cycle) | time when the person developed the disease but is not manifesting signs and symptoms, lag phase
incubation period
44
Patterns of Disease (normal cycle) | varies, time when the person Is exposed to an agent
prodromal
45
Patterns of Disease (normal cycle) | manifesting signs and symptoms
illlness
46
Patterns of Disease (normal cycle) | time when the person is starting to feel better; signs and symptoms subside
decline
47
Patterns of Disease (normal cycle) | development of antibody
convalescence
48
Pathogenic Determinants (Elements of the microorganism that prevent it from being killed and thus be able to infect another organism)
1. Adhesins 2. Capsule – prevents phagocytosis 3. Cell Wall Components
49
type of toxin | toxic substances secreted by bacteria and released outside the cell
1. Exotoxins
50
bacterial toxins consisting of lipids that are located within a cell
Endotoxins
51
type of toxin | produced by Gram-positive
exotoxins
52
type of toxin | protein in nature
exotoxins
53
type of toxin | effects: specific for a particular cell structure or functions in the host
exotoxins
54
type of toxin | produced by Gram-negative
Endotoxins
55
type of toxin | lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in nature
Endotoxins
56
type of toxin | effects: general such as fever, weaknesses, aches and shock all have the same effects
Endotoxins
57
– a toxin having a specific toxic action on cells of special organs
Cytotoxins
58
cause massive RBC destruction
hemolysin
59
related to food poisoning and cause diarrhea
enterotoxin
60
-inhibits protein synthesis
diphtheria toxin
61
causes skin layers to exfoliate and slough off
exfoliative toxin
62
prevents transmission of nerve impulses causing flaccid paralysis
(botulinum toxin)
63
-causes vasodilation resulting in characteristic rash (Scarlet fever)
CYTOTOXIN
64
-associated with toxic shock syndrome
(TSST-1)
65
– canned good bacilli, anaerobic
Clostridium botulinum

Botany (324 decks)

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