BB LEC - ABO Blood System Part 2

Question 1

reagent not used in routine ABO testing of donors and recipients but is used to resolve ABO typing problems

Answer 1

Anti-A1

Question 2

Resolves ABO typing problems when A2 phenotypes develop anti-A1

Answer 2

Anti-A1 lectin

Question 3

grade reaction of A1 and A2 phenotypes with commercial Anti-A reagents

Answer 3

3+ to 4+

Question 4

B subgroups with only H substances in saliva

Answer 4

Bx and Bel

Question 5

B subgroups with no B transferase in serum

Answer 5

Bx and Bel

Question 6

unexpected antibody of this B subgroup is Anti-B

Answer 6

Bx

Question 7

A and B specificity demonstrated only by ___

Answer 7

elution/adsorption studies

Question 8

immunohematologic technique that uses red cells (known antigens) to remove red cell antibodies from a solution (plasma or antisera); group A red cells can remove anti-A from solution.

Answer 8

Adsorption:

Question 9

process that dissociates antigen-antibody complexes on red cells; freed IgG antibody is tested for specificity.

Answer 9

Elution:

Question 10

recessive allele of the ABO blood group system

Answer 10

O allele

Question 11

Non–red blood cell stimulated: immunologic stimulus for antibody production is unrelated to a red cell antigen

Answer 11

Non–red blood cell stimulated:

Question 12

Ig forms of Anti-A and Anti-B capable of activation and binding of complement and eventual hemolysis of red cells

Answer 12

IgG and IgM

Question 13

genetic disease characterized by reduced levels of gamma globulin in the blood.

Answer 13

Congenital hypogammaglobulinemia:

Question 14

lower than normal levels of gamma globulin in the blood associated with malignant diseases (chronic leukemias and myeloma) and immunosuppressive therapy.

Answer 14

Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia:

Question 15

genetic disease characterized by the absence of gamma globulin and antibodies in the blood.

Answer 15

Congenital agammaglobulinemia:

Question 16

absence of gamma globulin and antibodies associated with malignant diseases such as leukemia, myeloma, or lymphoma.

Answer 16

Acquired agammaglobulinemia:

Question 17

WHICH AB react in immediate-spin phases

Answer 17

Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 18

Activity of human anti-??? is regarded as a specificity that is cross-reactive with both A and B antigens.

Answer 18

Anti-A,B

Question 19

A ____ is capable of recognizing a particular molecular structure (antigenic determi- nant) common to several molecules.

Answer 19

cross-reactive antibody

Question 20

Human ___ also manifests the property of agglutinating red cells of infrequent subgroups of A, particularly Ax.

Answer 20

anti-A,B

Question 21

___ does not exist because the A2 phenotype possesses the same A antigens as A1 phenotype but in reduced quantities.

Answer 21

Anti-A2

Question 22

is not required for confirmatory testing of labeled, previously typed donor RBCs and in infants younger than 4 months
of age.

Answer 22

Reverse grouping (serum or plasma testing)

Question 23

T or F

Neither human anti-A,B nor the monoclonal blend anti-A,B is required in ABO typing

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

ABO discrepancies that affect the testing of red cells (forward grouping) can be classified into three categories:

Answer 24

extra antigens present, missing or weak antigens, and mixed-field reactions.

Question 25

Observations that denote discrepancies

Answer 25

weaker agglutination strengths missing expected reactions extra reactions

Question 26

group A1 individual with disease of the lower gastrointestinal tract, cancer of the colon and rectum, intestinal obstruction, or gram-negative septicemia who acquires reactivity with anti-B reagents in ABO red cell testing and appears as group AB.

Answer 26

Group A with acquired B antigen:

Question 27

group B individual who acquires reactivity with anti-A reagents in ABO red cell testing; in these individuals, the B gene transfers trace amounts of the immunodominant sugar for the A antigen and the immunodominant sugar for the B antigen.

Answer 27

B(A) phenotype:

Question 28

``` property of cells that causes them to be agglutinated by naturally occurring antibodies found in most human sera; agglutination occurs regardless of blood type. ```

Answer 28

Polyagglutination:

Question 29

gelatinous tissue contaminant in cord blood samples that may interfere in immunohematologic tests.

Answer 29

Wharton’s jelly:

Question 30

type of polyagglutination that occurs from a mutation in | the hematopoietic tissue, characterized by mixed-field reactions in agglutination testing.

Answer 30

Tn-polyagglutinable red cells:

Question 31

__ cells, which are group O reagent red cells, are used to detect an alloantibody because they lack A and B antigens.

Answer 31

Screening

Question 32

Rouleaux can produce FALSE-__ agglutination in testing.

Answer 32

false-positive

Question 33

malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterized by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine.

Answer 33

Multiple myeloma:

Question 34

overproduction of IgM by the clones of a plasma B cell in response to an antigenic signal; increased viscosity of blood is observed.

Answer 34

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia:

Question 35

test to distinguish rouleaux and true agglutination.

Answer 35

Saline replacement technique:

Question 36

Those with Bombay phenotype has results in backward and forward typing similar to what blood type

Answer 36

O

Question 37

Antibodies of Bombay individuals

Answer 37

anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B, anti-H

Question 38

is of clinical significance because this antibody is capable of high thermal activity at 37° C and complement activation with resulting hemolysis.

Answer 38

anti-H in the Bombay phenotype

Question 39

preferentially adds fucose to type 2 chains.

Answer 39

H gene, FUT1,

Question 40

H gene product

Answer 40

FUT1

Question 41

gene product of the Se allele, ___, is an L-fucosyltransferase that preferentially adds L-fucose to type 1 oligosaccharide chain structures in secretory glands.

Answer 41

FUT2